Week 4 Terms: Endocrine Disorders Flashcards
Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Results from a shortage of insulin
In response the body switches to burning fatty acids and producing acidic ketone bodies that can cause vomiting, dehydration, deep gasping breathing, confusion and occasionally a coma
What are some things that neuropathy impacts with functional deficits?
Gait Abnormalities
Assistance with Essential ADLs & IADLs
Impact on Valued Occupations
What are some motor deficits of peripheral neuropathy?
Muscle Wasting
Loss of Fine Motor Ability
Type I Diabetes affects what age group?
Children
Who are mostly affected by Graves’ Disease?
A. Mostly women ages 30-50
B. Mostly men ages 30-50
C. Men and women ages 30-50
D. None of the above; Affects children
A. Mostly Women Ages 30-50
Rates of diabetes are increasing in part due to…
Obesity
Urbanization
Aging Populations
Sedentary Lifestyles
Hyperglycemia
High Blood Sugar
True/False
Type I Diabetes is an insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
True
What are sensations that can be tested?
Protection
Sharp/Dull
Hot/Cold
Light Touch
Proprioception
8 Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes
Type I- Weight Loss
Type II- Weight Gain
Fluid Loss
Polyuria (urinary frequency)
Thirst
Fatigue
Increased Appetite
Ketoacidosis (if untreated)
Glucocorticoids
Essential steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal glands and are important in the regulation of adaptation
a steroid hormone that is widely used for the treatment of inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer
Diabetes Mellitus
A group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both
Type I Diabetes
Body doesn’t produce insulin
10% of Cases
What are some exercise treatments for neuropathy?
Strength
Endurance
Coordination
Sensory Integration
ROM- Joint Integrity
Nephropathy
Disease of the Kidney
What are some things that neuropathy impacts with balance?
Sensory- Where body is in space, vestibular, visual, proprioception/kinesthesia
Motor- Apply sensory info to movement
What is diabetes mellitus caused by?
A deficit of insulin secretion
or
A lack of response by cells to insulin (insulin resistance)
True/False
Type II Diabetes is non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
True
Thyroid Disease
Thyroid disorders may result from either pituitary OR thyroid gland dysfunction
Goiter
Graves’ Disease
Hypothyroidism
On a physical examination, how would peripheral neuropathy be shown?
A. Auditory Deficit
B. Sensory Deficits
C. Motor Deficits
D. A & B
E. B & C
E. B & C.
On a physical examination peripheral neuropathy would be shown in sensory and/or motor deficits.
Neuropathy
Disease of the nerves
What is peripheral neuropathy caused by?
Diabetes
Nerve Root Compression
Trauma
Toxins
Infections
Neoplasms
Vascular Disorders
Congenital Malformations
What are some adaptation treatments for neuropathy?
Adaptive Devices: high/low tech
Adaptive Techniques
Environmental modifications
Service Animals
What are sensibilities that can be tested?
(think sensation)
Discrimination: being able to discriminate between two different sensations
Cross Haptic Processing: ability to determine if sensory information is important
Vibratory Sense
Moving Two Point Sensation: discriminate between two sensations
Cretinism
Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed
Hashimoto’s Disease
An autoimmune disease in which the body’s own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland
What are some things that neuropathy impacts with communication by touch?
Social Interactions
Impact on Roles
Intimacy
What are some safety training treatments for neuropathy?
Compensatory Strategies
Environmental Safety Assessment
Safe Use of Equipment
Type II Diabetes
Body doesn’t produce insulin or doesn’t use insulin properly, leading to hyperglycemia
90% of cases
What are some sensory deficits of peripheral neuropathy?
Pain/Temperature
Moving 2 point sensation
Protective Sensation
True/False
Neuropathy is something we can fix with treatment.
False
Neuropathy is not something we can fix with treatment. Typically a diagnosis that a client will need adaptive techniques to manage.
Peripheral Neuropathy
Lesions of the lower motor neuron system
Disrupted messages between periphery and brain
Without treatment Graves’ Disease can lead to what three things?
Irregular Heartbeat
Ophthalmopathy
Osteoporosis
What are some things that neuropathy impacts with functional coordination?
Gross Grasp
Grip and Pinch
Rotating
Adjusting
Myxedema
Caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion; also known as adult hypothyroidism
What are some pain management treatments for neuropathy?
Compression
Vibration
Desensitization
E-Stim
How is diabetes diagnosed?
Fasting Blood Glucose Level
Glucose Tolerance Test
Hemoglobin HBA1C Test
Sensibility
Higher level sensory processing
Assessments of Neuropathy
Ask about functional ability
Valued Occupations- Occupational Performance Measure
Hand Function Tests
ADL/Functional Performance Measures
What are some things that neuropathy impacts with Psychosocial Impact?
Loss of work/income
Role Loss
Low Self-Esteem
Spiritual Impact
Retinopathy
Disease of the retina
Endocrine Glands
Produce and release their chemical products directly into the blood stream
What is the impact of neuropathy?
Functional Coordination
Communication by touch
Balance
Functional Deficits
Psychosocial Impact
Insulin
Hormone produced by pancreas, helps regulate blood glucose levels and transport glucose from blood into cells
Goiter
Enlargement of the thyroid gland
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar
Treatment Approaches for Neuropathy
Pain Management
Exercise
Adaptation
Safety Training
Glycated Hemoglobin (A1c)
Blood test measuring the amount of glucose bound to hemoglobin in the blood; provides an indication of blood sugar level over the past three months, covering the 120-day lifespan of the red blood cell
Graves’ Disease (Hyperthyroidism)
Related to an autoimmune factor where thyroid produces more hormone than the body needs
