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Human Conditions I OTD7160 > Week 5 Terms: Renal Disorders, Hearing, and Vision Disorders > Flashcards

Week 5 Terms: Renal Disorders, Hearing, and Vision Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are some factors to consider with dialysis?

A

Fatigue
Muscle Pain
Edema
Weakness
Exercise (Aerobic & Resistance Exercise)
Preventing Loss of Function
Participating in life and living
Lifestyle Redesign

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2
Q

True/False
Peritoneal Dialysis takes less time than Hemodialysis

A

False
Peritoneal Dialysis takes longer and often goes overnight.

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3
Q

Prelingual Deafness

A

Hearing loss acquired before the onset of language development

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4
Q

What is the pathophysiology of chronic renal failure (2 stages)?

A

First Stage- GFR is decreased, protein/creatine levels in high normal range, no clinical manifestations because nephrons adapt

Second Stage- Renal insufficiency, blood chemistry altered, GFR is 20% less, retention of wastes in blood, diluted urine output, blood pressure increases

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5
Q

Conduction Deafness

A

An inability to hear resulting from blockage in external or middle ear
Less Common

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6
Q

Cataract

A

Broken proteins stick together forming a sheath-like obstruction in lens
Lens of eye becomes opaque
Decreased amount of light reaching retina

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7
Q

Glaucoma is common among people ages…
A. > 20 yrs old
B. < 70 yrs old
C. > 70 yrs old
D. < 20 yrs old

A

C. > 70 yrs old

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8
Q

Macular Degeneration (MD)

A

A gradually progressive condition in which the macula at the center of the retina is damaged, resulting in the loss of central vision

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9
Q

What are the risks of hemodialysis?

A

Infection of Fistula/Shunt
Blood Clots
Susceptibility to Hep B or C Viruses

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10
Q

Causes of Cataracts

A

Aging
Drug Use
Cigarette Smoking
Diabetes
Ocular UVB/Radiation Exposure
Dietary Nutritional Intake

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11
Q

True/False
Glaucoma is the most common cause of blindness.

A

False
Glaucoma is the SECOND most common cause of blindness.

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12
Q

Metamorphosia

A

Visual Distortion of objects

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13
Q

Wet macular degeneration is a BLANK and BLANK loss of central vision.

A

Wet macular degeneration is a sudden and severe loss of central vision.

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14
Q

During Hemodialysis the client may…
A. Have Potential Discomfort w/Quick Electrolyte changes
B. Have Diet and/or Fluid Restriction
C. Move during treatment
D. Both A & B
E. Both B & C

A

D. Both A & B

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15
Q

Cataracts is the…
A. Number one leading cause of blindess in the US
B. Second leading cause of blindess in the US
C. Third leading cause of blindess in the US

A

C. Third leading cause of blindess in the US

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16
Q

6 Signs and Symptoms of Chronic Renal Failure

A

Increased Urinary Output
Anorexia and/or weight loss
Nausea
Anemia
Fatigue
High Blood Pressure

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17
Q

Treatment for Acute Renal Failure

A

Reverse causative factors ASAP to minimize damage
Short-term Dialysis

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18
Q

Presbyopia

A

Farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye, occurring typically in middle and old age

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19
Q

True/False
Glaucoma is more common in men.

A

True

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20
Q

Which organs are used in the urinary system?

A

Involves the
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
& associated arteries/veins

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21
Q

Chronic Renal Failure

A

Gradual irreversible damage of kidneys

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22
Q

Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy

A

Time
Uncontrolled Blood Sugar
HTN
Pregnancy
Tobacco Use
Most common in those with Black, Hispanic, and Native American descent

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23
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in the urine

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24
Q

Causes of Glaucoma

A

Family History
Environmental Factors
Abnormal Blood Pressure
Diabetes
Hypothyroidism
Cocaine/Ecstasy Use

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25
Q

Cochlear Implant

A

Electronic transmitter surgically implanted into the cochlea of a deaf person to restore hearing

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26
Q

Acute Renal Failure (ARF)

A

Has sudden onset and is characterized by uremia

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27
Q

True/False
Fatigue after Hemodialysis is common

A

True

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28
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy

A

Damage to the retina as a complication of uncontrolled diabetes

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29
Q

What is the etiology for Chronic Renal Failure?

A

Chronic Congenital Kidney Disease
HTN
Diabetes
Long-Term Exposure to Nephrotoxins

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30
Q

Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)

A

The removal of wastes, electrolytes and fluids from the body using peritoneum as dialysis membrane
Second form of dialysis

31
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Macular Degeneration

A
  • Loss of Central Vision
  • Metamorphopsia
  • Central Scotomas
  • Glare Sensitivity
  • Decreased Color Vision
  • Decreased Contrast Sensitivity
    DOES NOT: Cause total blindness or affect peripheral vision
32
Q

True/False
Acute Renal Failure is not reversible.

A

False
Acute Renal Failure IS reversible

33
Q

During Peritoneal Dialysis the Client may…
A. Have less Discomfort w/Quick Electrolyte changes
B. Have Diet and/or Fluid Restriction
C. Move during treatment
D. Both A & B
E. Both A & C

A

E. Both A & C

34
Q

What does the urinary system do?

A

Removes waste and excess fluid via urine
Regulates water and electrolytes
Activates Vitamin D
Controls the production of red blood cells

35
Q

Visual Acuity

A

The sharpness of visual discrimination

36
Q

Treatment for Glaucoma

A

Medication (eye drops)
Laser Therapy
Trabeculectomy
OT/PT

37
Q

Treatment for Chronic Renal Failure

A

Drugs to stimulate RBC production
Treat Secondary effects i.e. CHF, Arrhythmias, HTN
Dialysis
Transplant

38
Q

Otitis Media

A

Inflammation of middle ear

39
Q

What are highly treatable low vision issues?

A

Presbyopia
Cataracts

40
Q

Tinnitus

A

Ringing in the ears

41
Q

What is the etiology of Acute Renal Failure?

A

Infection
Prolonged Heart Failure
Trauma/Circulatory Shock
Nephrotoxins (Drugs, Chemicals, Toxins)
Mechanical Obstruction

42
Q

4 Signs and Symptoms of Acute Renal Failure

A

Protein or Blood in Urine
Decreased GFR
Frequent Urination or Painful Urination
Edema of Hands/Feet

43
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision

44
Q

How many types of glaucoma are there?

A

3 Types
Open-Angle
Angle-Closure
Neovascular

45
Q

Presbycusis

A

A gradual loss of sensorineural hearing that occurs as the body ages; due to reduced number of receptor cells in the cochlea

46
Q

Corneal Disease

A

Occurs when the cornea, the front surface of the eye, becomes clouded, scarred, or distorted by injury, disease, or hereditary defects

47
Q

When is it indicated that a kidney transplant is needed?

A

Malignancy
Genetic Renal Diseases
Metabolic Disorders
Autoimmune Conditions

48
Q

Hemodialysis (HD)

A

Treatment for renal failure using artificial kidney machine to filter waste from blood
First form of dialysis

49
Q

Sensorineural Deafness

A

Deafness that results from damage to the organ of Corti or the auditory nerve

50
Q

Remediative

A

Approaches that seek to treat a problem at the personal level (i.e. ROM, strength, pain, endurance etc.)

51
Q

Risk of Kidney Disease is increased by…

A

High Blood Pressure
Diabetes
Familial Predisposition
Racial/Ethnic Background (African American, Hispanic American, Asian American, or Native American)

52
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness

53
Q

Mixed Hearing Loss

A

Combination of sensorineural and conductive hearing loss

54
Q

Hearing Loss

A

Decreased ability to perceive sounds

55
Q

Dry Macular degeneration is a BLANK loss of central vision

A

Dry macular degeneration is a gradual loss of central vision.

56
Q

What are progressive conditions that can be difficult to treat?

Eyes

A

Macular Degeneration
Glaucoma
Retinopathy

57
Q

Retinopathy

A

Disease of the retina

58
Q

Congenital Hearing Loss

A

Hearing loss present at birth

59
Q

Signs and Symptoms of End Stage Renal Failure

A

Dry, Hyperpigmented Skin
Easy Bruising
Peripheral Neuropathy
Encephalopathy
CHF
Decreased Vitamin D
Pneumonia Related to Fluid Retention

60
Q

Acute Renal Failure

A

Kidneys fail to function-both kidneys are involved
Develops Rapidly

61
Q

Dialysis

A

Process for removing waste from the blood for people with renal failure

62
Q

Uremia

A

Presence of urinary waste in the blood

63
Q

Scotomas

A

Blind or partially blind areas in the visual field

64
Q

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

A

A test of renal function that measures the flow of filtered fluid through the kidneys per unit of time

65
Q

Treatment for Cataracts

A

Early Stage: Prescription Lenses, UV Protection, Tobacco Cessation
Surgery: Laser or scalpel lens replacement
Steroid-based eye drop

66
Q

Deafness

A

When a person cannot understand speech through hearing, even when sound is amplified

67
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Diabetic Retinopathy

A

Floaters
Blurred Vision
Fluctuating Vision
Impaired Color Vision
Blind Spots
Usually both eyes

68
Q

Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy

A
  • Manage Diabetes Mellitus; Nutrition, Exercise, Medications
  • Monitor Blood Sugar
  • Controp BP & Cholesterol
  • Stop Smoking
  • Monitor Vision Changes
69
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy

A

Common eye problems caused by diabetes
Sugar blocks blood flow to the retina

70
Q

Compensatory

A

Approaches that attempt to adapt the person, environment, or task to overcome a performance deficit

71
Q

How often would dialysis be performed?

A

Often Several Times/Week
Short or long-term use as indicated

72
Q

True/False
Macular degeneration is age related.

A

True

73
Q

Treatment options for Macular Degeneration

A

Medications
High-Dose regimes of zinc/antioxidants
Laser Treatment (Wet AMD)
Psychological Eval
OT/PT

74
Q

Causes of Macular Degeneration (MD)

A
  • Genetic + Environmental Factors
  • Obesity
  • Smoking
  • UV Exposure
  • Low Vitamin Intake
  • Diet High in Saturated Fats
  • Long-Term Use of Aspirin (Wet MD)

Human Conditions I OTD7160 (14 decks)

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