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Human Conditions I OTD7160 > Week 1 Terms: Intro to Course, Pathophysiology, and Cardiac Conditions > Flashcards

Week 1 Terms: Intro to Course, Pathophysiology, and Cardiac Conditions Flashcards

Pathophysiology and Cardiac Conditions

1
Q

What is the Gross level?

A

Organ or system level

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2
Q

Diagnosis is…

A. Identification of the cause of disease
B. Identifying a pathogen of unknown origin
C. Identification of a pathogen
D. Identification of a disease

A

D. Identification of a disease

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3
Q

Exacerbation

A

Increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms

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4
Q

What are examples of cardiovascular disease?

  • *A. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)**
  • *B. Congenital Defects**
  • *C. Vascular Pruritus**
  • *D. A & B**
  • *E. A, B, & C**
A

D. A & B

There is no such thing as vascular pruritus

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5
Q

Hypertension is…

A. Low blood pressure
B. Low heart rate
C. High blood pressure
D. High heart rate

A

C. High blood pressure

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6
Q

The examination of a corpse to determine the cause of death is…

A

An autopsy

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7
Q

Symptoms

A

Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the patient

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8
Q

A device that delivers electrical impulses to the heart to regulate the heartbeat is…

A

A pacemaker

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9
Q

Pathophysiology

A

The study of how normal physiologic processes are affected by disease

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10
Q

Pathogenesis

A

development of disease

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11
Q

True/False

Atrophy is the increase in cell size

A

False

Atrophy is the decrease in cell size

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12
Q

A syndrome is…

A. a group of lesions
B. a group of symptoms
C. a group of syndromes
D. a group of pathogens

A

B. A group of symptoms

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13
Q

Prodromal Period is…

A. Long period before incubation; early, mild symptoms
B. Short period before incubation; early, mild symptoms
C. Long period after incubation; early, mild symptoms
D. Short period after incubation; early, mild symptoms

A

D. Short period after incubation; early, mild symptoms

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

Endogenous

A

Produced within the body

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16
Q

Hypertension (HTN)

A

High Blood Pressure

Systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg

Diastolic pressure > 90 mmHg

on repeated examination

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17
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Plaque buildup on the inner lining of blood vessels

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18
Q

What are areas of tissue that have been pathologically altered by injury, wound, or infection?

A

Lesions

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19
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

Accumulation of fluid in the lungs

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20
Q

Dysplasia

A

Cells vary in size and shape within a tissue

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21
Q

Stent

A

Wire-mesh tube used to keep arteries open

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22
Q

What is a disorder where the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of fluid into the lungs?

A

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

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23
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

Abnormal heart rhythm

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24
Q

Idiopathic

A

Pertaining to disease of unknown origin

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25
Q

Morbidity

A

disease rates within a group

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26
Q

Secondary focus in healthcare is…

A

to halt or slow progression after a diagnosis

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27
Q

An epidemic that is geographically widespread is…

A

Pandemic

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28
Q

True/False

Angina pectoralis (pectoris) is chest pain.

A

True

Occurs when there is a deficit of oxygen to the heart muscle usually due to an obstruction caused by atherosclerosis or spasm in the arteries

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29
Q

Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of a constant internal environment

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30
Q
  • *Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease**
  • *(COPD)**
A

umbrella term used to describe progressive lung diseases including emphysema and chronic bronchitis

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31
Q

Infarction

A

area of dead cells resulting from lack of oxygen

32
Q

Exogenous

A

from the environment

33
Q

Epidemiology

A

The study of the occurrence and distribution of disorders in a population

34
Q

Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS)

A

alternating between sinus brady (slow heart beat) and sinus tach (fast heart beat)

35
Q

Ability

A

A general trait an individual brings to learning a new task

36
Q

Microscopic Level is…

A. Miniature Level
B. Cellular Level
C. Organism Level
D. None of the above

A

B. Cellular Level

37
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

general term for degeneration changes in arteries making them less elastic

38
Q

Mortality

A

The number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other environmental factor

39
Q

A period of recovery is…

A

Covalescence

40
Q

True/False

Necrosis are dying cells that cause further cell damage due to cellular disintegration.

A

True

41
Q

Diagnostic Tests

A

Laboratory tests that assist in the diagnosis of a specific disease

42
Q

-therapy

A

Treatment methods aimed at making people feel better and function more effectively

43
Q

Disease that is transmitted from one individual to another

A

Communicable Disease

44
Q
  • *Coronary Artery Bypass Graft**
  • *(CABG)**
A

Open heart surgery involving arterial bypass using a transplanted vein

45
Q

Necrotic tissue infected by bacteria is…

A

Gangrene

46
Q

Capacities are the basis of…

A. Process
B. Performance
C. Controls
D. Occupational Functioning

A

B. Performance

47
Q

Objectively observed indictors of a disorder are…

A. Symptoms
B. Signs
C. Syndromes
D. Indications

A

B. Signs

48
Q

Sub-Clinical

A

Stage of disease or disorder not severe enough to produce symptoms that can be detected or diagnosed

49
Q

Iatrogenic

A

Diseases that occur as a result of medical treatment

50
Q

Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type called…

A

Metaplasia

51
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increase in cell size

52
Q

Manifestations

A

Clinical evidence or effects, the signs and symptoms of disease

53
Q

Rapid, random, ineffective contractions of the atrium; very fast is:

A. Atrial Flutter
B. Atrial Syndrome
C. Atrial Fibrillation
D. Both A and C

A

C. Atrial Fibrillation

54
Q

The temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease without having achieved a cure is…

A

Remission

55
Q

Tertiary focus in healthcare is…

A

chronic disease management, increase quality of life

56
Q

Neoplasia

A

“New growth”- commonly called tumor

57
Q

Primary focus in healthcare is…

A

to prevent against development of disease

58
Q

True/False

Alteration in the ability of the heart to contract is systolic heart failure

A

True

59
Q

The removal of living tissue from the body for diagnostic examination is…

A

A biopsy

60
Q

What is a myocardial infarction (MI) in which there is no ST-segment elevation called?

A

Non-STEMI

61
Q

Sequelae is…

A. Potential wanted outcomes of the primary condition
B. Potential unwanted outcomes of the secondary condition
C. Potential wanted outcomes of the secondary condition
D. Potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition

A

D. potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition

62
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A

Heart attack

the occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup

(AKA: lack of oxygen to cardiac tissue resulting in cell death)

63
Q

Anaplasia

A

Undifferentiated cells with variable nuclear and cell structures

64
Q

Epidemic

A

widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time

65
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

66
Q

Prophylaxis is…

A. a process or measure that causes disease
B. a process or measure that prevents disease
C. a process or measure that detects disease
D. B & C

A

B. a process or measure that prevents disease

67
Q

No symptoms or clinical signs evident is called…

A

Latent state

68
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate

69
Q

True/False

Hypertension is often unable to be controlled by lifestyle changes and medication.

A

False

Hypertension CAN be adequately controlled by lifestyle changes and medication

70
Q

The technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel is…

A

Angioplasty

71
Q

True/False

Tachycardia is a normal heart rate

A

False

Tachycardia is a rapid heart rate

72
Q

An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles is…

A

Ischemia

73
Q

The inability of the heart to fill adequately is…

A

Diastolic heart failure

74
Q

ST elevation MI affecting the anterior wall of the left ventricle is called…

A

Anterior STEMI

75
Q

Atrial Flutter

A

Irregular beating of the atria; fast

76
Q

Etiology

A

Cause of disease

77
Q

True/False

Hyperplasia is the increase in number of cells

A

True

Human Conditions I OTD7160 (14 decks)

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