Week 1 Terms: Intro to Course, Pathophysiology, and Cardiac Conditions Flashcards
Pathophysiology and Cardiac Conditions
What is the Gross level?
Organ or system level
Diagnosis is…
A. Identification of the cause of disease
B. Identifying a pathogen of unknown origin
C. Identification of a pathogen
D. Identification of a disease
D. Identification of a disease
Exacerbation
Increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms
What are examples of cardiovascular disease?
- *A. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)**
- *B. Congenital Defects**
- *C. Vascular Pruritus**
- *D. A & B**
- *E. A, B, & C**
D. A & B
There is no such thing as vascular pruritus
Hypertension is…
A. Low blood pressure
B. Low heart rate
C. High blood pressure
D. High heart rate
C. High blood pressure
The examination of a corpse to determine the cause of death is…
An autopsy
Symptoms
Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the patient
A device that delivers electrical impulses to the heart to regulate the heartbeat is…
A pacemaker
Pathophysiology
The study of how normal physiologic processes are affected by disease
Pathogenesis
development of disease
True/False
Atrophy is the increase in cell size
False
Atrophy is the decrease in cell size
A syndrome is…
A. a group of lesions
B. a group of symptoms
C. a group of syndromes
D. a group of pathogens
B. A group of symptoms
Prodromal Period is…
A. Long period before incubation; early, mild symptoms
B. Short period before incubation; early, mild symptoms
C. Long period after incubation; early, mild symptoms
D. Short period after incubation; early, mild symptoms
D. Short period after incubation; early, mild symptoms
Endogenous
Produced within the body
Hypertension (HTN)
High Blood Pressure
Systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg
Diastolic pressure > 90 mmHg
on repeated examination
Atherosclerosis
Plaque buildup on the inner lining of blood vessels
What are areas of tissue that have been pathologically altered by injury, wound, or infection?
Lesions
Pulmonary Edema
Accumulation of fluid in the lungs
Dysplasia
Cells vary in size and shape within a tissue
Stent
Wire-mesh tube used to keep arteries open
What is a disorder where the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of fluid into the lungs?
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Dysrhythmia
Abnormal heart rhythm
Idiopathic
Pertaining to disease of unknown origin
Morbidity
disease rates within a group
Secondary focus in healthcare is…
to halt or slow progression after a diagnosis
An epidemic that is geographically widespread is…
Pandemic
True/False
Angina pectoralis (pectoris) is chest pain.
True
Occurs when there is a deficit of oxygen to the heart muscle usually due to an obstruction caused by atherosclerosis or spasm in the arteries
Homeostasis
The maintenance of a constant internal environment
- *Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease**
- *(COPD)**
umbrella term used to describe progressive lung diseases including emphysema and chronic bronchitis
Infarction
area of dead cells resulting from lack of oxygen
Exogenous
from the environment
Epidemiology
The study of the occurrence and distribution of disorders in a population
Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS)
alternating between sinus brady (slow heart beat) and sinus tach (fast heart beat)
Ability
A general trait an individual brings to learning a new task
Microscopic Level is…
A. Miniature Level
B. Cellular Level
C. Organism Level
D. None of the above
B. Cellular Level
Arteriosclerosis
general term for degeneration changes in arteries making them less elastic
Mortality
The number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other environmental factor
A period of recovery is…
Covalescence
True/False
Necrosis are dying cells that cause further cell damage due to cellular disintegration.
True
Diagnostic Tests
Laboratory tests that assist in the diagnosis of a specific disease
-therapy
Treatment methods aimed at making people feel better and function more effectively
Disease that is transmitted from one individual to another
Communicable Disease
- *Coronary Artery Bypass Graft**
- *(CABG)**
Open heart surgery involving arterial bypass using a transplanted vein
Necrotic tissue infected by bacteria is…
Gangrene
Capacities are the basis of…
A. Process
B. Performance
C. Controls
D. Occupational Functioning
B. Performance
Objectively observed indictors of a disorder are…
A. Symptoms
B. Signs
C. Syndromes
D. Indications
B. Signs
Sub-Clinical
Stage of disease or disorder not severe enough to produce symptoms that can be detected or diagnosed
Iatrogenic
Diseases that occur as a result of medical treatment
Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type called…
Metaplasia
Hypertrophy
increase in cell size
Manifestations
Clinical evidence or effects, the signs and symptoms of disease
Rapid, random, ineffective contractions of the atrium; very fast is:
A. Atrial Flutter
B. Atrial Syndrome
C. Atrial Fibrillation
D. Both A and C
C. Atrial Fibrillation
The temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease without having achieved a cure is…
Remission
Tertiary focus in healthcare is…
chronic disease management, increase quality of life
Neoplasia
“New growth”- commonly called tumor
Primary focus in healthcare is…
to prevent against development of disease
True/False
Alteration in the ability of the heart to contract is systolic heart failure
True
The removal of living tissue from the body for diagnostic examination is…
A biopsy
What is a myocardial infarction (MI) in which there is no ST-segment elevation called?
Non-STEMI
Sequelae is…
A. Potential wanted outcomes of the primary condition
B. Potential unwanted outcomes of the secondary condition
C. Potential wanted outcomes of the secondary condition
D. Potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition
D. potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Heart attack
the occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup
(AKA: lack of oxygen to cardiac tissue resulting in cell death)
Anaplasia
Undifferentiated cells with variable nuclear and cell structures
Epidemic
widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
Prophylaxis is…
A. a process or measure that causes disease
B. a process or measure that prevents disease
C. a process or measure that detects disease
D. B & C
B. a process or measure that prevents disease
No symptoms or clinical signs evident is called…
Latent state
Bradycardia
Slow heart rate
True/False
Hypertension is often unable to be controlled by lifestyle changes and medication.
False
Hypertension CAN be adequately controlled by lifestyle changes and medication
The technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel is…
Angioplasty
True/False
Tachycardia is a normal heart rate
False
Tachycardia is a rapid heart rate
An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles is…
Ischemia
The inability of the heart to fill adequately is…
Diastolic heart failure
ST elevation MI affecting the anterior wall of the left ventricle is called…
Anterior STEMI
Atrial Flutter
Irregular beating of the atria; fast
Etiology
Cause of disease
True/False
Hyperplasia is the increase in number of cells
True
