Week 8 PP Flashcards
Why do you need a special diet in dentistry?
After certain procedures..
-Extractions
-Surgeries
-Trauma/Accidents
-Orthodontics
Phases of Wound Healing - TEST / BOARD EXAM QUESTION
- Hemostasis
- Inflammatory
- Proliferation
- Maturation/Remodeling
What happens during Hemostasis?
The purpose of the first stage of wound healing is to prevent excess blood from leaving the wound through the formation of blood clots, constricting blood vessels, etc.
What happens during the Inflammatory phase of wound healing?
This phase focuses on destroying any bacteria and unwanted particles in the wound area to prevent infections. Tissue swelling
What happens during the proliferation stage of wound healing?
This phase focuses on filling up the wound and repairing the skin. New blood vessels and tissue must be formed in this area.
Signs of Inflammation
- Redness - vasodilation (more blood flow)
- Swelling - allows for fluids, plasma and antibodies to pass through blood vessels
- Heat - increases the metabolic rate and promotes cell healing
- Pain - injured nerve endings cause pain
Nutritional Requirements for Wound Healing
Zinc
Vitamin C, A, D, K
Iron
How does Zinc help wound healing?
Helps activate the immune defense against foreign bacteria
How does Vitamin C help would healing?
promotes collagen synthesis
How does Vitamin D help wound healing?
vital for maintaing bone health
How does Vitamin K help would healing?
Synthesis of prothombin in blood clotting and bone proteins
How does Iron help wound healing?
helps carry oxygen to the blood, promotes formation of red blood cells
3 Types of Diets After Oral and/or Maxillofacial Surgery or Trauma
- Clear Liquid / fluid diet
- Full fluid diet
- Mechanically-Altered Diet
What is the Clear Liquid/Fluid Diet?
-Anything you can see through
-First 24 hours post-op
-Not recommended for more than 3 days
-Not a balanced source of nutrition especially lacking calories and proteins
-This patient can easily develop taste fatigue with the lack of variety, texture, smell and taste
Examples of Clear Liquid Diet..
- Clear, non fat broths
-Clear nutritional drinks
-Pulp-free popsicles
-Coffee and tea without milk or nondairy creamer
-Strained, pulp-free fruit and vegetable juices
What is a Full Fluid Diet?
Slighty more nutritous
-add some dairy products or alternatives such as nut milks or lactosee-free milks
-difficult to meet protein requirements on the full fluid diet (nut milks can be suggested if no allergies exist)
Examples of Foods in Mechanically Altered Diet
Soft Scrambled eggs
Tuna Salad (blended)
Poached Chicken & Brocoli (Blended)
Recommendations for Fractured or Wire Jaw (Post-Jaw Surgery Diet)
Nutrients must be run through a blender-like process
-fluids must be thin enough to draw through a straw (similar to full fluid diet)
-must be administered by a straw or a syringe
- must encompass all essential food elements
-emphasis on protein
-specific vitamins A, C & D
-specific minerals calcium & phosphorous
What to Avoid after PEriodontal and Oral Surgery?
Avoid..
-Alcohol
-Spicy Food
-Hard/Sharp Food
-Straws/Smoking
What to encourage after Periodontal and Oral Surgery?
-Cooler foods to limit swelling
-Supplements may be indicated (Ensure/Boost/Protein Shake)
-Soft diet
- Advance diet to full texture within a few days or follow specific post-op instructions from the Dentist
Nutritional Advice for Patients with Treatment on Anterior Teeth From Trauma
Treatment Options - composite restoration, veneer or Crown, Implant, Flipper Partial, Bridge
-Avoid excess stress on the injured area
-Strength is reduced
-Avoid tearing or snapping foods, no carrots, no apples, no licorice
-Cut food up and eat on posterior teeth
Nutritional Advice for Veneers
- Great crushing strength, but little “tensile” strength
-Avoid anything that will twist the veneer
-Chewing on nuts, hard candy, chicken wings, or rib bones, corn on the cob, candy apples or beef jerky
-avoid shearing with anterior teeth, opening things with your teeth
What is NUG?
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
Necrotizing: causing cell death
Ulcerative: formation of an ulcer on the surface of a tissue
Gingivitis: inflammation of the gums
Dietary Modifications for NUG?
-usuallly starting with a clear fluid diet, and moving to a full fluid, and then to a soft diet
-bland foods (avoid spicy foods), sooth foods are suggested (jello, icecream, etc.)
-eat frequent small meals
-drink plenty of fluids
-supplements are often required
-avoid alcohol
Orthodontic Food Considerations
Promote to patient
✓ Nutritious soft foods after
application and routine
tightening appointments
Avoid
✓ Sticky or sharp foods
✓ Foods that may trap plaque
✓ See foods to avoid list
Why to avoid sugar containing foods for orthodontics
Weaken cement beneath the bands, causing bands to loosen Adhere to tooth enamel, causing cavities
Why to avoid sticky foods for orthodontics
Loosen bands, pull out ligature ties, may bend arch wires
Why to avoid hard foods for orthodontics?
Loosen bands and bend and occasionally break arch wires
Why to avoid Husk foods for orthodontics?
May lodge between bands and beneath arch wires, causing irritation to gum tissues
Why to avoid chewing gum for orthodontics?
Loosen bands, pulls out the wires, and bends arch wires
Considerations for Dry Mouth
can cause dysphagia(difficulty swallowing), taste changes and dental caries
painful - infections, cuts irritations
How to help dry mouth?
- Water
-sugarless gums with xylitol
-chemical stimulants suck as biotene which is a rinse, other products can be a spray or gel
-oral moisturizers such as oralube
-MI paste to help with calcium absorption
Nutritional Goals for patients with Dry mouth?
Maintian adequate nutritional status
minimize discomfort associated with eating (soft moist foods)
-minimize the effect of diet on dental caries (limit carbohydrates)
Advice for New Denture Wearers
- Cut foods into smaller pieces
- Select foods that can be placed on the back teeth
- Chew on both sides
- Avoid chewing gum, caramels or anything sticky
- Be careful of hot beverages or foods, as a denture can mask the severity of how hot a liquid can actually be
- Avoid sharp or hard foods, like nuts, that can be hard to chew
- Suggest a daily supplement of calcium for bone health. Alveolar bone absorption happens more quickly with edentulous patients.
- Always remove at night and allow tissue to “breath”
