Week 4 PP Flashcards
What is ECC (Early Childhood Caries)
-An **inectious disease that can happen in any family
-Many children live in constant pain of decayed teeth and swollen gums
-In some states ECC affects one third of preschool children
-Tooth decay is the single most prevalent disease in childhood *
-ECC can be prevented with appropraite education of the parents and oral healthcare for the child
-1 or more decayed primary tooth*
-often caused by fermentable carbohydrates
Risk Factors for ECC
- ECC is common amoung families of lower socioeconomic status
-the rate of untreated dental disease amoung low-income children aged 2 to 5 years is almost 5 times higher than that seen in higher-income families - ***more common amoung children with special needs
- low income families
-particular ethnic groups
-limited access to care
-lack of water fluoridation
How do Children obtain ECC?
-ECC is a transmissible disease
-Bacteria in the parent’s mouth are passed to the child
-It is important for parents to keep their own teeth healthy to keep their children’s teeth healthy
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Nutritional Recommendations for Parents/Caregivers:
-substitute healthful foods and snacks for those that are sugary, starchy, or sticky
- avoid child sleeping with bottle (with milk formula or juice)
-slowly introduce more water into milk in a bottle over time
Prevention of ECC
-Practice early oral hygeine
-reduce carbohydrate exposure
-hold baby while feeding
-any bedtime bottle should contain water
-avoid sweeteners on a pacifer
-use soft cloth or brush on gums after feeding
-use a sippy cup as soon as possible
-unsure fluoride is being given if not in the water supply
Goals of Nutritional Care for Preschoolers ***
- Provide adequate energy and nutrients for optimal growth, development and activity
- Encourage development of the child’s sense of taste, acceptance, and enjoyment of foods
- Promote positive, life long eating habits (lead by example as a parent)
For Preschoolers, Dental (oral) health can be promoted by….
-Offering nutritious snacks chosen from the Canadian Food Guide Pictorial Plate
-reserving sticky foods (dried fruits, fruit leathr and sweet, sticky baked goods, granola bars) for mealtimes or when children can brush their teeth afterwards
-Avoid day long nibbling to prevent a steady food supply for acid producing bacteria; limit the number of snacks to 2-3 days*** reduce frequency
-If a bedtime bottle is given, only water should be offered
-the need for fluoride supplementation variers with the age of the child, caries risk assessment, and level of fluoridation in the community water supply
Risk Factors of Eating Disorders
-family member with disorder
-bullying
-trauma
Eating Disorders
-Influences of the media, food industry, and percieved cultural values have led to a preoccupation with being thin
-such influences have contributed to a society of weight-conscious adolescents and adults and an increase in eating disorders
-Eating disorders have serious medical, oral, and psychological implications and can be life threatening
Eating disorders commonly occur during adolescence and adulthood and include:
-anorexia nervosa
-bulimia
-binge eating, compulsive overeating, female athlete triad, chronic-dieting syndrome
-most of those who suffer from eating disorders are 14-25 years old, white, and affluent
-Occurrence of eating disorders is more common in females; the ratio of
females to males is 10:1*****
What is Anorexia Nervosa?
◦ Potentially life-threatening eating disorder
◦ Characterized by Self-starvation and Excessive weight loss
What is Bulimia?
◦ Potentially life-threatening eating disorder
◦ Characterized by Bingeing and Purging
◦ Often, this pattern occurs when an individual is slightly overweight and tries to lose weight by dieting but fails to achieve the desired results
How does Bulimia show in the mouth?
Erosion of teeth caused by chronic vomitting
What is Female Athlete Triad?
This term refers to young female athletes with an eating disorder that includes restrictive dieting, overexercise, weight loss, and a lack of body fat
What can Female Athlete Triad result in ?
- Osteoporosis (bone thinning)
- Amenorrhea (absence of menstration)
- Enamel decalcification of teeth
- Increased caries, periodontal and soft tissue inflammation
Management of Eating Disorders
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia are considered psychiatric diseases with serious medical, dental, and nutritional complications
* Dental professionals are often the first healthcare providers to diagnose an eating disorder
*In addition to providing dental care and education, the dentist is obligated to assist the patient in obtaining psychotherapy and medical care
* Successful management of these disorders requires a team approach including psychiatrists, psychologists, physicians, nurses, dietitians, social workers, and dentists, DAs
* The road to recovery is often long and expensive
Nutrition for the Ageing Patient
- Good nutrition is critical to senior health - yet many older adults are at a risk of inadequate nutrition
- Poor nutrtion and malnutrition occur in 15 to 50 percent of the elderly population in Canada
-ability to absorb vitamins fades due to decrease of stomach acids - decrease ability to heal like you used to
What do we need proteins for? **
TISSUE REPAIR * *
Factors influencing the Senior Population’s Nutritional Needs
-Gastro intestinal
-sensory and ingestion
-Metabolic
-Stress and/or illness
What is Osteoporosis?
‘Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue,
which can lead to increased risk of fracture. Known as the “silent thief”, bone deterioration can
occur over a number of years without presenting any symptoms.’
‘Unfortunately, if detected at the time of a break, the disease is already fairly advanced. The
most common fractures associated with osteoporosis are in the hip, spine, wrist, and shoulder.
What causes osteoporosis?
Today, no single cause for osteoporosis has been identified.’
Prevalence of Osteoporosis?
- 2.3 million Canadians are living with osteoporosis
-Atleast 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men will break a bone due to osteoporosis in their lifetime
-Fragility fractures represent 80% of all fractures in menopausal women over the age of 50
-Fractures from osteoporosis are more common than heart attack, stroke and breast cancer combined
Signs of Osteoporosis
- Frequently there are NO symptoms until a bone fractures
- A loss of height
- Vertebral compression fractures, which is a symptom of osteoporosis
The Impact of Osteoporosis?
- People living with osteoporosis face a reduced quality of life, lowered self-esteem, reduction or loss of mobility, disfigurement, a lack of independence
- Sadly, 22% of women and 33% of men who suffer a hip fracture will die within the following year
- For many Canadians, osteoporosis means they can’t live the life they want to
Disparaties in Oral Health can be defined as…
as a situation or circumstance that directly impacts a person’s ability to effectively maintain their nutritional needs and overall health
Key Factors in Oral Health Disparaties
**Finances:
-effects varying populations
-to purchase quality food
-access to oral care necessities
**Education:
-Access to schools or oral health professionals to pass on the education
-Cultural/family beliefs may impact the messages
