Outcome 6 - basic principles of dietary counselling as they pertain to dentistry Flashcards
Nutrition-related services you can offer your clients/patients:
-Resource center/library of nutrition-related information
-Internet access to nutrition and dental health links
-Posters, videos, nutrition displays
-Nutrition counselling services (Individual, group, or phone “hot-line”)
-Referral services (registered dietician, psychotherapists)
-Professional associations/organizations
*Calgary Health Region
*CADA
*Dieticians of Canada
*Heart & Stroke Foundation
…and many more
What is sound nutrition advice?
Sound nutrition advice is that which emerges from the results of large studies, over long periods of itme, using scientific methods.
Where can sound nutrition advice be obtained from?
Can be obtained from national nutrition professional organizations such as Dieticians of Canada or the American Dietetic Association. They offer resources for understanding and teaching nutrition issues. The also provide guidance as to how to find a Registered Dietician in your geographical area.
Tips to determine sound nutrition advice from quackery:
-Who* is responsible for the information, article, or website? Look for the author’s name and credentials. Is the person qualified to speak on nutrition?
-When* was the information published? Nutrition is an ever-changing science and needs frequent updating.
-Where* is the information coming from? Websites that end in “gov”, “Edu”, or “org”, are most likely reliable; however, “.com” websites are businesses, so may have the main objective of capital gains.
-Why* is the information being promoted? When money is a motivator, be aware that the information may be biased.
-What* is the message? Does it seem reasonable? Be careful with information that contradicts common knowledge or safe food practices. Practice discretion in adopting theories that seem radical and sensational in nature.
To be valid, a nutrition experiment must use…
To be valid, a nutrition experiment must use quantifiable measurements, appropriate controls, the right type of experimental subjects, and a careful interpretation of experimental results.
Key points to consider when critiquing education materials:
-Consider the date of the publication. How recent is it?
-Consider if it is American or Canadian
-Who is the publisher/author? Is he/she a Registered Dietitian or a recognized expert in nutrition?
-What is the source of the information? Is the article/pamphlet from a peer-reviewed scientific journal or professional association/organization?
-Is the information written at an appropriate reading level, without difficult jargon or terminology?
-Are there graphics/ visuals to enhance comprehension and readability, especially for patients/clients with English as a second language?
-How much information is presented? Would you get overwhelmed by reading this? Is the information easy to understand?
-Is the information promoting the use of a certain product or company/organization? Are they “selling” something?
-Is the information culturally sensitive?
What are the 6 stages of change?
- Pre-contemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
- Termination and/or Relapse
What done in the Pre-contemplation Stage of Change?
Identify health priorities - prompt the client to consider his or her lifestyle goals
Build rapport - encourage regular appointments to enhance the opportunity for eventual consideration of improved dental hygiene
What is done in the Contemplation Stage of Change?
Build motivation - with the client, make a list of why the client doesn’t have good nutritional practices (Cons) and why they should (pros), pointing out the benefits the client has not realized. This will help to alter the clients decisional balance in favor of better nutrition practices and help them to begin contemplating healthier nutrion and dental practices. It may also provide some of the motivation needed to start developing an action plan.
Provide encouragement - give the client information about nutrition resources available in the community
What is done during the Preparation Stage of Change?
Increase commitment to change - Support the client’s plan to improve nutrition and dental practices. If the client has not yet done so, help them to make a plan. Clients are more likely to be successful if they know they have the support of a health professional. This involves congratulations for beginning to plan and offering suggestions that will help to meet his or her goals.
Consider opportunities - Offer suggestions as to tips and tricks to make good nutrition easy.
What is done during the Action Staage of Change?
Be realistic - Ensure pleasurable and adaptive lifestyle practices, tailored to the client’s goals, abilities, and needs, to replace past practices. The client will be more likely to adopt activities that are realistic for their financial and physical abilities, location, time constraints, and other scheduling commitments.
Be concerned - Check the availability of social supports that will help the client
Aim to meet reommendations - Compare the client’s practices with the guidelines you have set out, such as CFGHE.
Avoid unhealthy situations - Review skills to manage situations that could promote relapse.
What happens during the Maintenance Stage of Change?
Review – Ask the client about factors that will support improved dental health and nutrition patterns. If the client is in the maintenance stage, they should be able to answer the following positively: Does the client have helping relationships? Can the client control relapse stimuli? Does the client congratulate themself for meeting goals? If no, brainstorm with the client about how they avoid or could avoid, relapsing to past behaviors.
Reinforce – If the client is meeting their targeted goals and changes, congratulate them and encourage the client to continue maintaining their healthy dental practices.
What happens during the Termiation and or Relapse stage of change?
The patient is 100% self-efficacious.
Facilitating the Process of Change
-Establish your client’s trust.
-Build their motivation and self-efficacy.
-Strengthen their commitment to change.
-Develop treatment goals and plan together.
-Help them build the necessary skills to change.
-Discuss relapse prevention strategies (plan B).
-Express empathy.
-Listen reflectively and ask open-ended questions.
-Support their level of self-efficacy.
-Work through resistance, do not give up!
Some tactics you can use to engage clients to move from contemplation to action are:
-Contrast the pros and cons of a healthier diet.
-Draw out their current level of satisfaction with their lives and get them to contrast this with their past levels and their future desires.
-Discuss areas of concern and highlight the differences between their current behavior and their personal goals.
Nailing down the details of the proposed change…
-“When will you begin”
-“Let’s go over all the reasons for wanting to change and why they are important to you.”
-“How are you going to get the support you need?” “What will you use to chart your progress?”
Be sure to inquire about progress at each visit. It is important to chart the client’s goals so you can refer to them at a later visit. Encourage clients to “go public” with goals so they can create a support network.
