Week 3 PP Flashcards
What is digestion?
Digestion is the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats into small soluble substances to be absorbed into the blood
What is the role of the digestive system?
To provide the body with nutrients, water, and electrolyles necessary for life
- functions unvoluntary
How does the absorption of nutrients take place?
Takes place by diffusion through the wall of the small intestine which is a part of the gastrointinal tract between the stomach and the large intestine
Where is digested food absorbed?
the small intestine is the region where digested food is absorbed
What is metabolism?
The process by which your body converts what you eat and rink into energy
the “use of nutrients”
How does the body use nutrients?
- As an energy source
- As a building block for making complex chemical compounds
What is Anabolism?
the synthesis of complex molecules in
living organisms from simpler ones together with
the storage of energy; constructive metabolism.
What is catabolism?
is what happens when you digest food and the molecules break down in the body for use as energy. Large, complex molecules in the
body are broken down into smaller, simple ones.
What is Homeostasis?
is the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent
elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.
***Digestion can also be referred to as??
A form of catabolism that can be divided into two processes based on how food is broken down
What is Mechanical Digestion?
Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of large
pieces of food into smaller pieces which can be accessed
by digestive enzymes
What is Chemical Digestion?
Chemical Digestion is where
Enzymes break down food
particles into the small
molecules that the body can
absorb.
The major structures of the digestive system are:
◦ Mouth
◦ Pharynx
◦ Esophagus
◦ Stomach
◦ Small intestine
◦ Large intestine
◦ Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
What are the 5 actions of the digestive system?
- Ingestion
- Digestion
- Movement
- Absorption
- Elimination
What are the End Products of Digestions?
Carbs, Protein, & Fats - energy (monosaccharides), amino acids (building blocks) and fatty acids (move oxygen in blood stream)
Vitamins & Minerals * used, stored or excreted depending on solubility and need
Water - absorbed as needed and excesses are excreted body
Where does CHO digestion begin?
In your mouth
Where does Protein digestion begin?
in the stomach
Where does Fat digestion begin?
In the intestines
Absorption of nutrients?
The simple molecules that
result from chemical digestion pass through cell membranes of the lining in the small intestine into the blood or lymph capillaries.
Protective Function of Saliva
- Physical
- Chemical
- Antibacterial and Antifungal
- Reduce the Risk to Decay
What is the physical protection function of saliva?
Involves a cleansing effect - thick, or viscous saliva is less effective in clearing CHO
Chemical protection of Saliva
contains calcium, phosphate, and fluoride
- Keeps calcium to be used during remineralization
- Chemical protection includes buffers, bicarbonate, phosphate, and small proteins that neutralize the acids after we ingest fermentable carbohydrates
If salivary function is reduced?
The teeth are at increased risk for decay
When does calcification of teeth begin in utero?
Calcification of teeth begins at 3-4 months
What is important to fetal tooth development?
Calcium & phosphorus
In pregnancy, tooth formation begins at…
6 weeks gestation
If a pregnant mother is deficient in calcium…
it is drawn from her bones (not teeth)
Suggested servings per day for pregnant mothers?
increasing 2-3 servings/day to meet additional needs for calories, protein, vitamins and minerals
What is Enamel Hypoplasia typically caused by?
Malnutrtion, illness, infection or fever during tooth formation
What can cause pregnant women’s teeth to “go downhill”?
-morning sickness
-frequent snacking
How can hormonal changes affect the oral cavity?
-Gingivitis
-Periodontitis
-Caries
-Pyogenic Granuloma (pregnancy tumor)
Essential Nutrients for Pregnant Women..
-Calcium
-Iron
-Folic Acid
-Vitamin D
-EFA Essential Fatty Acids
To neutralize acid…
1 tsp baking soda, cup of water
**What is the critical window age??
It is well recognized that the period from birth to two yeras of age is the “critical window” for the promotion of good growth, health, and behavioral development. Therefore, optimal infant and young child feeding is crucial during this period.
**When is breastfeeding recommended?
Health Canada and the World Health Organization recommend exclusive
breast feeding for 0-6 months supplemented by solid food for up to 2 years
and beyond
What if nursing isnt an option?
Iron fortified formula until 6 months of age if nursing isn’t an option
a. Vit. D supplement for breastfed infants
b. No supplements needed with infant formulas
- Frequent feeds needed to accommodate for small stomach capacity, short
intestinal tract
When are solid foods introduced?
6 months - 1 year
- This is an important question for new parents. Many medical professionals still advise introducing baby’s first foods anywhere from 4 to 6 months.
- However, this is a subject that has been extensively researched and the current recommendation from the World Health Organization (WHO) is that:
** No solid foods are introduced to baby for the first 6 months. **
What can happen if food is introduced too early to children?
Possibly cause allergies
End Products of Digestion are..
-water
-carbohydrates/proteins/fats
-vitamins & minerals
End Products for Macronutrients are:
Carbohydrates: Glucose, galactose, and fructose (NOT glycogen)
Fats: fatty acids & glycerol
Protein: amino acids by a process of of hydrolysis (addition of water)
What is Mechanical Digestion?
Begins in your mouth with chewing, the chewing creates a bolus. Then moving down the esophagus with peristalsis, then churning in the stomache and segmentation in the small intestine.
What is Peristalsis?
This refers to involuntary contractions and relaxations of the muscles of your esophagus, stomach, and intestines to break down food and move it through your digestive system.
How does Mechanical & Chemical Digestion work together?
Once food particles reach your small intestine, the intestines continue to move. This helps keep food particles moving and exposes more of them to digestive enzymes. These movements also help to move the digested food toward the large intestine for excretion.
What is Chemical Digestion?
Involves the secretions of enzymes throughout your digestive tract. These enzymes break the chemical bonds that hold food particles together. This allows food to be broken down into small, digestible parts.
What happens to complex molecules during Chemical Digestions?
The complex molecules of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are transformed by chemical digestion into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the cells.
What is Hydrolysis?
Chemical digestion, through a process called hydrolysis, uses water and digestive enzymes to break down complex molecules. Digestive enzymes speed up the hydrolysis process, which is otherwise very slow.
