Midterm Exam Review Flashcards
List the 4 macronutrients
-Protein
-Carbohydrates
-Fats (Lipids)
-Water
List the 2 micronutrients
Vitamins
Minerals
List the 3 groups of carbohydrates
-Simple
-Complex
-Fiber
List the 2 classifications of Fiber
-soluble
-insoluble
What is the only nutrient that can build and repair body tissue? ***
Protein
What are proteins composed of
-amino acids
How many amino acids are essential for the normal growth and maintenance of tissue?
9 essential (includes histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, pheylalanine, theronine, tyophan, baline) but there are 20 in total
What 2 classifications are protieins borken into?
complete (has all 9 essential amino acids) and incomplete (does not incorporate all 9)
Name 5 functions of lipids in the body
-to help with absorption of vitamins and minerals
-building new cells
-for blood clotting
-muscle movement
-balance blood sugar
What nutrient is often called the forgotten nutrient?
WATER
Define cariogenic
substance that can cause dental decay
What foods are cariogenic?
What foods are NOT cariogenic?
Name 3 factors in determining the carcinogenicty of a carbohydrate
- the frequency, how long food stays in the mouth, does it stimulate saliva flow
-starchy
-sticky
-sugary
Which food is an example of a complex carbohydrate?
bread
Vitamin supplements are not generally required if you eat a balaced diet, according to Canada’s Food Guide. True or False?
True
What is NOT a simple carbohydrate?
Starches - they are complex
Coffee Mate for coffee falls under which food group in Canada’s Food Guide?
Other
What is the principle carbohydrate of milk?
lactose
What is NOT a function of vitamins?
Give us energy
They do…
act as coenzymes in energy metabolism
assist in vision
assist in blood clotting
Which of the following contains the LEAST amount of fiber?
apple juice
According to dietary guidelines, what percentage of the day’s total energy intake shoud be supplied by carbohydrates?
45 to 65 %
What is the recommended daily intake of dietary fiber?
26-38g
Which of the following does NOT describe a function of fat?
best source of energy for the brain
Fat functions are..
-adds flavour to food
-carrier of fat soluble vitamins
-provies essential fatty acids
Which of the following sources would yield the softest lipids at room temperature?
safflower
Which the following is considered an essential fatty acid?
linoleic acid
Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?
roasted turkey
Which of the following is a feature of cholesterol?
80% of blood cholesterol is synthesized by the liver
Hydrogenation is a process of converting:
liquid oils into semi-solid or solid fats
What is the upper limit of fat that should be consumed by a healthy person requiring 3000 calories?
35%
What should be the maximum daily intake of cholestrol?
300 mg
A food that represents a visible fat would be
butter
Which of the following is a feature of an essential amino acid?
it must be supplied by the diet
Generally speaking, Canadians consume
Too little protein, the wrong kind of protein
A 140 pound femail consumes 55 grams of protein in a day. This is
just about right
The recommended daily fluid intake for adults is:
2.7 to 3.7 litres
A moderate caffein consumption is considered to be:
2-3 small cups per day
Peanut butter belongs to which of the food groups of Canada’s Food Guide?
Meat & Alternatives
A serving of poultry in Canada’s Food Guide is equivalent to:
75 g
One Tbsp of butter fits into which food group?
other
The % daily value is the amount of a nutrient the product provides based on a 1200 kcal diet. True or False?
False - based on a 2000 kcal diet
Salivary amylase is an enzyme that acts on:
carbohydrates
Most nutrients are absorbed from the:
small intestine
A/An _____ is a substance that causes a chemical change in other substances.
enzyme
The movement of the intestines which mixes foods with digestive juices is called:
peristalsis
The enzyme lactase is a responsible for breaking down which disaccharide?
lactose
The term _____ describes the speed and efficiency with which the body converts food into useful nutrients.
metabolic rate
The breaking down of body tissues after an injury such as a burn is an example of:
catabolism
Hydrochloric acid is found in the _____ juice.
gastric
The churning action of the stomach is a form of:
mechanical digestion
____ is the process by which foods are broken down into their nutrients.
digestion
One of the key purposes of dental health professionals discussing varying oral health disparities amoung different populations is to:
Discuss potential solutions to assist people with improving their oral health
If a person has a high level of post-secondary education, one can assume that they will have a high level of oral health education. True or False
False
If a person has a low level of post-secondary education, one can assume that they will have a low level o oral health education.
False
For caries to develop, the following three factors must be present at the same time:
A susceptible tooth
a diet rich in fermentable carbohydrates
specific bacteria
Describe the Caries Process
Within about 5 minutes after eating or drinking, the bacteria begin to produce acids as a by-product of digesting your food. These acids can penetrate into the hard substance of the tooth and dissolve some of the minerals (calcium and phosphate).
Demineralization vs Remineralization
Demineralization occurs when calcium and phosphate dissolve from hydroxyapatite crystals in the enamel. In remineralization, calcium and phosphate are redeposited in previously demineralized areas.
What are nutrients?
Nutrients are the components in food that are needed by the body.
What are the three types of carbohydrates?
The three types of carbohydrates are simple carbohydrates (sugars), complex carbohydrates (breads, starches), and fiber.
What are considered micronutrients?
Vitamins and minerals
What is an amino acid?
Amino acid is a part of protein, used for building and repairing the human body.
How many of the amino acids are essential?
There are 20 amino acids, 9 are considered essential.
What is a complete protein?
A complete protein contains a well-balanced mixture of all nine essential amino acids.
Which systemic diseases are releated to excess fat in the diet?
Cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, and cancer are associated with excess fat in the diet.
Which cholesterol is “good” and which is “bad”?
HDL is the good, and LDL is the bad
Which type of vitamin is stored in the body and is not destroyed by cooking?
Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body, and are not destroyed by cooking.
Which vitamins are referred to as the B-complex vitamins?
Water-soluble vitamins are referrred to as the B-complex vitamins
Which vitamins are fat soluble?
Vitamins D, E, A and K are fat soluble
Which minerals are required by the body in the largest quantities?
Sodium, potassium, calcium, chlorine, phosphorus, and magnesium are present in the largest
quantities.
What is the key dietary factor that relates to dental caries?
Sugar (simple carbohydrates) is the main key to dental caries.
What information must a patient include in a food diary?
Meals, snacks, beverages, candy, deserts and cough drops
How do sugar-free sodas relate to dental caries?
Sugar free substitutes are noncariogenic and do not cause dental caries
Which government agency regulates the labelling of food products ?
The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) is the agency that regulates the labeling of food products
What criteria are used to determine whether a product is organic?
Foods with the organic lable must have been grown without the use of chemical pesticides, herbicides, or fertilizers
What are the two must serious eating disorders?
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia
_____ are organic and inorganic chemicals in food that supply energy.
nutrients
Compounds in proteins used by the body to build and repair tissue are ________.
Amino acids
_______ is an eating disorder that is caused by an altered self image.
Anorexia nervosa
Food products that have been grown without the use of any chemical pesticides, herbicides, or fertilizers are labeled as ___________.
organic
Nutrition is the study of how the body uses the food for _______.
growth, repair and maintenance
The three types of carbohydrates are simple carbohydrates, complex carbohydrates and _________.
dietary fibre
The term used for a food that is ccapable of cause tooth decay is ______
cariogenic
What key nutrients help build and repair the human body?
Proteins
How many of the amino acids are essential?
9
A source of complete protein is _______.
eggs
Which systemic disease is related to having too much fat in the diet?
Cardiovascular disease
Which cholesterol is a “good cholesterol”?
HDL
Which vitamins are not destroyed by cooking and are stored in the body?
Fat-soluble vitamins
Which vitamins are referred to as the “B-complex vitamins”?
Water-soluble vitamins
Which vitamin is fat soluble?
Vitamin D
Which vitamin is water soluble?
Vitamin C
What types of between-meal snacks would be healthy alternatives?
Soft cheeses, milk shakes, puddings, apple sauce, fruit gelatins, popscicles, vegetable juices
The only nutrients that an make new ells and rebuild body tissues are:
proteins
Only energy and no other nutrients are provided by:
empty calories
sticky surgary refined products are _______ cariogenic than/as complex carbohydrates.
More
Tooth erosion is often seen in patients with:
a history of bulimia
Oral manifestations of bulima include:
decalification of enamel
(NOT causing.. increased caries, reduced health of perio tissues)
The recommendation is that cholesterol be limited to less than:
250 mg/day
What food group is at the bottom of the pyramid?
Grains
Which antioxidant vitamin can help prevent cholesterol from oxidizing and damaging the arteries?
Vitamines C & E
Dietary fibre is also called…
roughage
Which of the following foods are considered to be cariogenic
Rasins
Crackers
Soft Drinks
Compounds in proteins used by the body to build and repaire tissues are:
amino acids
The role of the dental assistant in nutritional counseling includes:
Counseling patients about the prevention of tooth decay
Counseling patients in orthodontic appliances about food choices
Presurgical counseling regarding postsurgical food choices
A well-balanced mixture of all eight essential amino acids is the definition of a
complete protein
Swollen and bleeding gums, slow wound healing, fatigue, depression and poor digestion can be the result of
Vitamin C deficiency
All of the following statements are true regarding nutrition EXCEPT:
a healthy diet should be made up of no less than 40% fat (should be 30%)
True statements are..
humans can live longer without food than without water.
vitamins occur in plant and animal tissues.
the antioxidants in vitamins E and C can prevent cholesterol from oxidizing and damaging arteries.
A major factor in determining the cariogenicity of a carbohydrate is
how long it stays in the mouth
A good source for Vitamin D is…
sunlight
fish
butter
Saliva flow serves the folllowing functions..
Speeds the clearance of food from the mouth
Delivers fluoride to the teeth
Aids remineralization of the teeth
As long as food was grown without the use of pesticides, it can be considered organic. True or False?
FALSE
