Final Exam Review Flashcards
What is remineralization?
Is the redeposition of calcium & phosphate in previously demineralized areas
What is demineralization?
Is the dissolution of the calcium and phosphate from the hydroxapatite crystals (possible to occur without any loss of tooth structure)
How is Caries development characterized?
Caries is an ongoing ACTIVE process characterized by alternating periods of demineralization and remineralization
What are the 2 Stages of Caries Development?
-an INCIPIENT LESION develops when caries begin to demineralize the enamel
- a cavitation, or overt, or frank lesion is characterized by a cavity or hole in the tooth
What is Rampant Caries?
Describes the time between the onsent of the incipient lesion and the development of the cavity - it is rapid and there are multiple lesions throughout the mouth (must occur in a short amount of time, 6 months)
What are some examples of Anti-Cariogenic Foods?
Aged cheddar, montery jack, swiss cheese, pure chocolate, cocoa products
-they stimulate saliva flow - calcium, phosphate, fluoride ect is in the saliva
What is a MAJOR factor in the cariogenicty of food?
The major factor is how long the carbohydrates stays in the mouth - how long it takes to clear from mouth
What is the Oral clearance time for Retentive sugars?
-30 minutes to clear (sticky foods)
What is the Oral clearance time for moderate sugars?
25 minutes to clear (starchy foods)
What is the clearance time for sugars in solution?
20 minutes to clear (juices, pop, sweetented coffee, energy drinks)
How long to create a balaned PH with Saliva & Acid?
20 - 30 minutes
What is the PH of Saliva?
6.2-7.6
(6.7 is the average)
What is the pH level where cavitation begins?
5.3 - 5.7 pH
What are the 2 groups of bacteria found in the mouth that are responsible for dental caries?
Mutans Streptococci (MS)
Lactobacilli (LB) - produces lactic acid from carbohydrates - found in mouth if there is a high sugar intake
This diet consists of foods that are liquid at body temperature with no residue and not spicy. This diet should not be used for greater than 3 days without other nutritional support.
Clear liquid diet
This diet supports apple sauce, mashed bananas, mashed baked or creamed potatoes, and blended, strained soups.
Mechanically Altered Diet
This action of using the anterior teeth to cut or tear the food into bite-sized pieces.
Biting
The action of using the posterior teeth to grind the food before swallowing
Chewing
Hard candy, popcorn, peanut brittle, highly retentive foods, and bubble gum are snack foods to avoid during this type of dental treatment.
Orthodontics
Types of foods like aged cheddar and swiss cheese inhibit the acid attack on teeth and thus inhibit decay is called this
Anti-Cariogenic
Foods that are likely to cause decay is called this
Cariogenic
This begins to break down between a pH of 5.3 to 5.7
Enamel
A caramel that takes 30 mins to clear the oral cavity is this type of surgar
Retentive Sugar
Foods that are not a source of energy for oral bacteria and hence do not stimulate acid production or cause decay are called this
Anti-Cariogenic
This is the educational role of a RDA to support basic nutrtional requirements
Dental Caries Prevention
Sound nutrition advice can be obtained from our national nutrition professional organization called this
Dietitians of Canada or DC
You were able to stop drinking Gatorade and Swap it out for Water over the past 6 months, keep it up! is an example of this Behaviour Change Model stage?
Maintenance Stage
A Nutrition Specialist is an example of false information called this..
Nutrition Quackery
This Model Contains 6 Stages: Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and relapse
Transtheoretical Model of Change or Behaviour Change Model
NUG is the acronym for this
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
Posters, Charts, Checklist, Stories, Games, Songs, Videos, Stickers, Costumes, and Puppets are examples of this
Presentatin Ideas or Methods
Nutritional education for ages 0 to 4 tends to focus on this dental disease
Baby Bottle Tooth Decay
The first step in planning any strategy for influencing behaviour is to define the desired end-points called this
Outcome and/or Objectives
ECC is the acronym for..
Early Childhood Caries
This type of sugar take 20 minutes to clear the oral cavity
Sugary Liquids
For some seniors, this oral device/appliance needs to be removed at night before bed
Dentures
A variety of nutrients that are needed for this are energy, protein, zinc as well as the antioxidant nutrients Vitamin A, C, E and selenium
Wound Healing
An important alarm signal that calls attention to tissue injury, makes one favour the injured part of the body
Pain
This term is used for an increase in blood flow that accounts for the heat of the inflamed tissue
Hyperemia
This common brand name product can be used to support people with dry mouth
Biotene
This condition causes five cardional signs: redness, swelling, heat, pain and impaired function
inflammation
Bridge-In, Objective, Pre-Assessment, Participatory Learning, Post-Assessment and Summary
BOPPPS model
Now that you are aware of how to tie a clove hitch knot, what will you use this knot to tie with next? is an example of this letter in the BOPPPS Model
Summary
Food recommendations for patient with dental caries?
-Limit frequency of eating cariogenic foods
-eat fruits for dessert & snacks
-eat raw veggies for snacks
-avoid sticky or retentive foods
-avoid slowly dissolving candies
-chew sugar free gum
Food recommendations for patient with periodontal disease?
-Avoid soft, mushy foods
-avoid popcorn
-eat fruits high in vitamin C
-eat dairy products for calcium for bone health
-eat fresh/frozen rather than canned
-avoid nuts
Food recommendations or patient with new dentures?
-cut food into smaller pieces
-nuts may be difficult to chew
-eat dairy products for calcium for bone health
-eat meals with extra nutrients that are easy to chew (such as casserole)
Food recommendations for patient after Oral Surgery?
-eat soft foods early after surgery
-avoid spicy foods
-maintain nutrient levels to promote healing
-refrain from foods that are too hot or too cold
Food recommendations for patient with orthodontics?
-Avoid chewy or sticky foods
-eat a soft diet early on
-avoid hard foods such as apples, raw carrots
-eat dairy products for calcium for bone health
What is Hemostasis?
1st stage of healing
The purpose of this stage is to prevent excess blood from leaving the body through the formation of blood clots, constricting blood vessels ect.
What is Inflammatory stage?
2nd stage of healing
this phase focuses on destroying any bacteria and unwated particles in the wound area to prevent infections
What are the signs of inflammation?
redness (more blood flow)
swelling (allows for fluids, plasma and antibodies to pass through blood vessels)
heat (increases the metabolic rate and promotes cell replication)
pain (injured nerve endings)
What is Proliferation?
3rd stage of healing
this phase focuses on filling up the wound and repairing the skin. New blood vessels and tissue must be formed in this area
What is Maturation / Remodeling?
The last phase is the longest and it focues on strengthening the skin in the area
What nutrients are required for wound healing?
Zinc
Iron
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
How does Zinc help healing?
activate the immune defense against foreign bacteria
How does Vitamin C help healing?
promotes collagen synthesis
How does Vitamin D help healing?
vital for maintaining bone health
How does Vitamin A help healing?
helps fight infection and repair blood vessels and tissues
How does Vitamin K help healing?
Synthesis of prothrombin in blood clotting and bone proteins
How does Iron help healing?
helps carry oxygen to the blood, promotes formation of red blood cells
What is the first Stage of Change?
Pre-contemplation - patient not intending to take action in the future
What is the 2nd stage of change?
Contemplation - Patient intends to change in the next 6 months
What is the 3rd stage of change?
Preparation - patient intends to take action in the immediate future
What is the 4th stage of change?
Action - patient made modifications to life style within the past 6 months
What is the 5th stage of change?
Maintenance - patient working to prevent relapse
What is the final / 6th stage of change?
Termination or Relapse - Patient has no temptation and 100% self-efficacy
What does BOPPPS stand for?
Bridge In - a short hook/introduction to generate interest/attention
Objective - what you are going to teach
Pre-Assessment - identifies what students already know/allows learners to add their experience
Participatory - encourages participation and interactivity in the learning process/maintain attention
Post-Assessment - to confrim the audience acheived objective, post test answers for questions
Summary - summarize learning expierence, sense of closure
“Ever since I incorporated that afternoon snack as part of my daily meal plan in February, I have a lot more energy and my blood sugars are much better controlled.” What stage of change is this?
Action
“I dont see the point in avoiding high sugar snacks when my teeth are just going to fall out in a few years anyways” What stage of change is this?
Pre-Contemplation
“I have been incorporating regular, healthy snakcs in the afternoon ever since I was diagnosed with Type II diabetes two years ago and my blood sugars couldn’t be better.” What stage of change is this?
Maintenance
“I have been thinking about incorporating an afternoon snack into my routine to help with low energy levels”. What stage of change is this?
Contemplation
“I just bout some aged cheddar cheese and crackers to eat as part of my afternoon snack tomorrow… my dental assistant suggested I eat this instead of my usual chocolate bar and pop.” What stage of change is this?
Preparation
