Week 8- Lymphatic/immunity Flashcards
Describe the functions of the lymphatic system
Remove excess fluid from tissues
Return it to CV system
absorption of fats
Protects against foreign invaders
where does lymph come from
excess plasma that does not make it through exchange at capillaries
gets picked up by lymph nodes and turned into lymph
How does lymph travel and
where will the lymph be returned?
lymphatic capillaries will pick up excess fluid-turn it into lymph
lymph vessels will pick up lymph and bring back to heart
Right upper extremity-brings lymph through to the right subclavian vein
right lower, all left sided-goes through the thoracic duct, into left subclavian vein
What are the secondary organs of the lymphatic system?
lymph nodes
spleen
What is the general function secondary organs/lymph tissue
sites where immune responses occur
(killing/destruction of antigens) 2
What are the primary organs of the lymphatic system?
bone marrow
thymus
What is the general function primary organs
bone marrow-produces lymphovctes
thymus-t cells mature here
Name the 3 main types of white blood cells found in secondary lymphatic organs and lymphatic tissue
T cells
B cells
Natural killer cells
What is a pathogen
disease causing microorganism
non specific resistance
Innate-non specific-
The first line and second line of defense-
Born with this-
General defense against disease
-no memory cells
groups of cells and structures
specific resistance
Adaptive-specific-3rd line of defense- acquired-
B cells and T cells
Requires exposure to specific invader to activate cells
-Memory cells are produced to defend against next exposure
the body’s ability to recognize and defend itself against distinct/specific invaders and their products
Be able to recognize “first line” of defense non-specific resistance mechanisms
Skin-sebum
mucous membrane-mucus
hairs/cilia
lacrimal apparatus
saliva
urine
defication/vomiting
gastric juice
vaginal secretions
Why is skin the best first line of defense?
Skin is packed very tightly-hardly allows anything in
Skin has chemicals that defend against pathogens
Sebum secreted by sebaceous (oil) glands
* Helps keep skin pliable and less likely to break or tear- Helps prevent against MO from growing on skin
Describe functions of interferons
inhibit the spread of viral infections
They prevent the virus in neighboring cells from replicating
neutrophils
a main phagocyte- make up around 60% of WBC’s
first WBC to go to site of infection;
can kill by secreting toxins
macrophages
can either wander to cell tissues or they are fixed in cell tissues (alveoli and brain)
macrophages can phagocytize damaged tissue
how is fever beneficial
increase the body’s core temperature
Inhibits growth of some microorganisms, increases metabolism for tissue repair
purpose of inflammation + 3 steps
Prevent spread of pathogen by containing it in specific area and then destroying it
- Vasodilation+ increased permeability of bv—bringing more blood and its healing components to area (redness, painful,edema part)
- phagocytes come to the area to kill pathogen
-Neutrophils come first and macrophages come later - Tissue repair (anabolism to repair)—macrophages can phagocytize damaged tissue
Function/ action of natural killer cells
Secrete toxins (perforins and granzymes) onto surface of virally infected cells and tumors
(can differentiate between “self” and “non-self”-between normal cells and pathogens or abnormal cells)
antigen
Molecules (usually proteins) the body recognizes as foreign and worthy of attack—
they will stimulate an immune response-What T and B cells respond to
examples of antigens
usually proteins
Pathogens
* Parts or products of pathogens
* Other foreign compounds
* They will provoke an immune response
cell mediated immunity
Works best against intracellular virus
Cytotoxic T cells start inactive-recognize the bad guy(antigen)- now are activated
Helper T cells- Tell Cytotoxic T cells to clone/expand-Makes memory cells for later
Now an army go cytotoxic T cells to go kill antigen throughout body-release performs and granzymes
antibody mediated immunity
Works best against extracellular bacteria
B cells start inactive-recognizes antigen-now becomes active
Helper T cells-Tell B cells to clone into plasma cells-also makes memory cells
plasma cells produce proteins called antibodies to kill antigen
antibodies seek out antigen, bind to it and kill it
IgM
first antibody produced (circulates in plasma)
IgG
produced second-most common and longest-lasting antibody (circulates in plasma); can cross the placenta
IgA
associated with body secretions such as
breast milk, sweat and saliva
IgE
involved in response to parasitic infections
and allergies
Describe the role of memory in specific immunity
Memory cells are produced while fighting the infection so you remember how to fight specific infection
Immediately functional upon subsequent contacts with the antigen that activated it
natural active
exposed to foreign invader(antigen or pathogen)
-stimulates b and T cells to kick in
natural passive
mothers antibodies are given to baby trough fetus
mother gives antibodies to baby via placenta/breastmilk
artificial active
-inject antigens(vaccine) B and C cells kick in to kill whatever vaccine given
artificial passive
give person antibodies from a donor through IV-monthly
hypersensitivity
exaggerated or inappropriate immunologic responses occurring in response to an antigen or allergen
anaphylactic reaction
circulating allergen causing widespread
vasodilation through mast cell activation
autoimmune disease
Excessive or misdirected immune responses
