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week 1-cellular metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

main inorganic

A

generally do not contain carbon

carbon dioxide
water
salts

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2
Q

main organic

A

always contain carbon
sugar
fats
proteins

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3
Q

intracellular fluid

A

found inside of cells(2/3)

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4
Q

extracellular fluid

A

found outside of cells (1/3)
Plamsa
interstitial fluid

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5
Q

Electrolyte examples

A

sodium
potassium
calcium
chloride
phosphate
magnesium

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6
Q

Electrolyte +examples

A

-controls fluid balance of the body
-important in muscle contraction
-nerve impulses
-energy generation
-every major biochemical reaction

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7
Q

buffers

A

resist changes in ph
bring solution back to neutral(7.35-7.45)

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8
Q

Ph+ significance in body

A

-measurement of molarity of H in body
-a change in 1 ph means it is 10x as acidic
high ph-low hydrogen
low ph-high hydrogen

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9
Q

Function of carbohydrates

A

sugars are quickly broken down to generate energy(ATP)

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10
Q

Functions of lipids

A

used as secondary source for atp
form cholesterol
insulates organs

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11
Q

Function of ATP

A

bodies most important energy-transfer molecule

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12
Q

How is energy stored in ATP molecule

A

holds energy in covalent bonds-phosphate bonds

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13
Q

How is ATP gereneted

A

when glucose(large molecule) breakdown
,
the electrons that are given off help bind ADP to P,

making ATP

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14
Q

What processes produces new cells in body

A

mitosis-2 daughter, 46 chromosomes
meiosis- sex cells, 23 chromosomes(sperm, oocytes)

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15
Q

What calls cannot be replaced in body

A

nuerons
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle

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16
Q

What is function of cell membrane

A

regulation of exchange between external environment
allows things into and out of cells

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17
Q

What types of proteins help with cell membrane function

A

phospholipid bilayer
glycocalyx
integral/membrane proteins

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18
Q

Metabolism

A

All the cellular reactions of the body at a given time

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19
Q

Catabolism

A

large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules
electrons given off help to form ATP

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20
Q

Anabolism

A

builds substances for growth and repair
small molecules make a larger molecule
requires ATP

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21
Q

purpose of enzymes

A

function as biological catalysts

permit reactions to occur rapidly at a normal body temperature

Breaks covalent bonds between monomers in substrate

22
Q

unique characteristics of enzymes

A

enzymes are reusable
work at over 1 million per minute
PH and temperature help change its shape

23
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

energy releasing reactions that breakdown glucose and fatty acids to be energy source in synthesis of ATP

24
Q

what is purpose of cellular respiration

A

breaks down molecules so ATP can be synthesized

25
Q

Cellular respiration complete equation

A

glucose+ 6O2+ 36ADP+ 36P =

6Co2 +6H20+ 36 ATP

26
Q

How many ATP molecules are formed from one glucose molecule

A

36

27
Q

4 steps of cellular respiration

A

glycolysis
formation of acetyl co-a
citric acid cycle
electron transport chain

28
Q

Aerobic reactions+where in cell do occur

A

occurs in mitochondria
-formation of acetylene co a
-citric acid cycle
-electron transport chain

29
Q

anaerobic reactions+where in cell do occur

A

glycolysis
occurs in cytosol

30
Q

Primary types of molecules that can be broken down to make atp

A

glucose + lipids

31
Q

general function of dna

A

has instructions for synthesizing all of the bodies proteins

transfers heredity information from cell to cell

32
Q

general function of rna

A

carries out genetic instruction(from dna) to synthesize proteins

assembles amino acid in right order to produce proteins

33
Q

basic chemical structure of dna

A

backbone of phosphate and sugar(deoxyribose)
A-T
C-G
T-A
G-C

34
Q

basic chemical structure of rna

A

Backbone of phosphate and sugar (ribose)
A-U
T-A
C-G
G-C

35
Q

transcripton

A

DNA makes RNA(mRNA)
mRNA Reads Dna, gives to ribosomes(tRNA)

36
Q

translation

A

RNA links amino acids together to from proteins

37
Q

process of protein synthesis

A

1-mRNA made from DNA
2-mRNA copies one strand of DNA
3mRNA breaks off, goes to ribosome
4-tRNA reads mRNA, makes amino acids from codons
5tRNA keeps going until stop codon

38
Q

monosaccharides

A

simple sugars
glucose
galactose
fructose

39
Q

disaccharides

A

composed of 2 monosaccharides
sucrose
lactose
maltose

40
Q

polysaccharides

A

long chains of glucose
glycogen
starch
cellulose

41
Q

structure proteins

A

keratin(hair)
collagen(bones skin teeth)

42
Q

communication proteins

A

hormones
neurotransmetteurs

43
Q

membrane transport proteins

A

channels
carrier proteins
hemoglobins

44
Q

catalysts proteins

A

assist in biochemical reactons
enzymes

45
Q

recognition and protection proteins

A

self proteins-differated between self and non self
antibodies-kill microorganisms
clotting proteins-blood clots

46
Q

call adhesion

A

protein cells bind together
immune cells bind to cancer cells

47
Q

acid

A

proton donor

48
Q

base

A

proton acceptor

49
Q

mRNA

A

Reads DNA
brings script to ribosomes

50
Q

tRNA

A

Reads mRNA
build up proteins from mRNA script

D-advanced anat (14 decks)

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