Week 7- Cardiovascular system Flashcards by Logan Kaiser

Describe the pulmonary circuit of the circulatory system

heart lungs heart

systemic veins bring low 02 blood from body to heart

Pulmonary arteries brings low o2 blood from heart to lungs

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Describe the systemic circuit of the circulatory system

heart body heart

Pulmonary vein brings 02 blood back to heart from lungs

systemic arteries bring high 02 blood to body from heart

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Systole

contraction

blood goes out

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diastole

Ventricles filling with blood

relaxation

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As a pump, what is the purpose of the right side of the heart?

Receive blood from body
Give blood to lungs

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As a pump, what is the purpose of the left side of the heart?

Remove blood from lungs
give blood to body

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What results from left ventricular failure (left sided heart failure)

Blood will back up in lungs (where it received blood from)

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What results from Right ventricular failure (right sided heart failure)

Blood will back up in the body(where they received blood from)

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What is the significance of the coronary arteries?

Supplies blood to heart

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Differentiate between a myocardial infarction (heart attack) and myocardial ischemia

infarction-
sudden death of patch of myocardium because of complete obstruction to coronary circulation(no 02 getting to cardiac muscle)

ischemia- chest pain from PARTIAL obstruction of coronary blood flow

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Describe the heart’s conduction system—what are the specialized areas that send signals from start point to end point of the system

1-Sa node(in right atrium) will send signal and cause both of atrium to contract

2-Av node then receives the signal
3- signal bundles up in av bundle

4- signal travels down bundle branches(L and R) down the intraventricular septum of heart

5- signal will go back up perkiinje fibers on outside of heart walls (on both sides)

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Relate the conduction system with the cardiac cycle

Follows cardiac cycle-allows it to be stimulated

Atria will contract first-while ventricle are in diastole

then ventricle will contract-while atria are in diastole

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What does an ECG record?

electrocardiogram

measures electrical signal going to the heart

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Describe what the P wave, QRS complex and T wave represent on an ECG.

p-atrial depolarization

qrs- ventricular depolarization

t-ventricular repolarization- relax

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What is the heart rate determined by?

SA node
However many fires per minute makes it a beats per minute

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What is the sinus rhythm?

Normal heartbeat triggered by SA node

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What is an arrhythmia?

any abnormal rhythm

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What is tachycardia?

high heart rate

100 or over

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What is Bradycardia?

lower heart rate

less then 60

What is the cardiac cycle? What specific events occur during the cardiac cycle?

All events associated during one heartbeat

Atrial systole – atria contract which sends blood to the ventricles while the ventricles are relaxed (in diastole)

Followed by Ventricular Systole – ventricles contract while atria are relaxed (in diastole)

How do the valves function during the cardiac cycle?

Atrial systole-
When AV valves are open, semilunar valves are closed

Ventricular systole
When semilunar valves are open, av valves are closed

Define Cardiac Output (CO).

amount of blood ejected from a ventricle per minute

What determines CO—what is the equation for
CO?

Heart rate X stroke volume

(BPM X milliliters per beat)

How will HR or blood volume changes impact CO?

If HR or BV go up- CO goes up

if hr or bv go down- co goes down

How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions affect HR?

S- increases HR P-slows heart rate

What hormones can increase HR?

epinephrine norepinephrine thyroxine

What is stroke volume and how is it determined?

how many milliliters per beat End diastolic volume - end systolic volume

What is the ESV (end systolic volume) and the EDV (end diastolic volume)?

ESV- how much is left in ventricle after contraction EDV- how much is in ventricle before contraction

Where is the cardiac center located in the brain?

medulla

What do the proprioceptors detect

inform cardiac center about changes in activity, HR increases before metabolic demands of muscle arise

What do the baroreceptors detect?

signal cardiac center blood pressure decreases, signal rate drops, cardiac center increases heart rate if blood pressure increases, signal rate rises, cardiac center decreases heart rate

What do Chemoreceptors detect

more important in respiratory control than cardiac control sensitive to blood pH, CO2 and O2 levels

Differentiate between blood flow and perfusion

BF- amount of blood goes through blood vessels to cells to deliver oxygen ( ml/min) Perfusion-flow per given volume (ml/min/g)

in general, how do pressure and resistance affect blood flow?

P-Greater the pressure = increased flow decreased pressure = decrease flow R- greater resistance= decrease flow decrease resistance = increase flow

Define blood pressure

Generated by heart Pressure created by left ventricle Pressure exerted against bv walls

What are diastolic and systolic pressure?

D- amount of pressure on arterial wall during left ventricle relaxation S-amount of pressure generated on arterial wall during left ventricle contraction

How do CO and Blood volume affect blood pressure

Blood volume- Greater blood volume = greater blood pressure lower blood volume = lower blood pressure CO- Greater CO = greater CO lower CO = lower CO

Describe how the peripheral resistance factors affect BP vessel radius/diameter

Vessel radius/diameter- Increased diameter = decreased resistance(increase blood flow & decrease blood pressure) Decreased diameter- = increase resistance (increase Blood pressure and decrease flow)

Describe how the peripheral resistance factors affect BP (viscosity

Thickness of blood increase thickness- decrease flow- increase pressure decrease thickness- increase flow- decrease pressure

Describe why each of the following hormones would be released and HOW they each affect BP—how can they save us?? (angiotensin II)

save you from low BP goal is to increase bp to normal promotes release of ADH and aldosterone

Describe why each of the following hormones would be released and HOW they each affect BP—how can they save us?? aldosterone

save you from low BP goal is to increase bp to normal

Describe why each of the following hormones would be released and HOW they each affect BP—how can they save us?? ANP/BNP,

save you from high bp goal is to lower bp to normal

Describe why each of the following hormones would be released and HOW they each affect BP—how can they save us?? ADH

save you from low BP goal is to increase bp to normal

Describe why each of the following hormones would be released and HOW they each affect BP—how can they save us?? epinephrine and norepinephrine

peripheral vasoconstriction

Does the Parasympathetic Nervous System affect blood vessel diameter?

What is the overall effect of the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) on blood vessel diameter, blood pressure and CO?

stimulates most to constrict- but skeletal and cardiac to dilate would mean that it decrease blood pressure

What are the mechanisms that will help venous blood return to the heart?

pressure gradient Gravity skeletal muscle pump thoracic (respiratory) pump