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D-advanced anat > Week 11- Fluid/Electrolytes and Acid/Base balance > Flashcards

Week 11- Fluid/Electrolytes and Acid/Base balance Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the 2 fluid compartments in the body

Extracellular

A

outside cells

1/3 of cell

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2
Q

Describe the 2 fluid compartments in the body

Intracellular

A

inside cell

2/3 of cell

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3
Q

give examples of types of ECF and indicate relative amount of fluid in each main compartment.

A

Plasma

interstitial fluid-between cells and tissues

CSF

Lymph

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4
Q

Describe how osmolarity affects the movement of water between body fluid compartments (between ECF and the cells)—

A

Want them to be the same outside of cells as inside of cells ECF=ICF

If not, since water follows salts this can cause problems

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5
Q

understand what occurs when cells are in a hypertonic soln, isotonic soln and hypotonic soln

Hypertonic

A

More solutes outside of cell in ECF then there is inside of ICF

Water will follow salt outside of cell, cell will shrink or die

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6
Q

understand what occurs when cells are in a hypertonic soln, isotonic soln and hypotonic soln

isotonic

A

No movement of water

ICF and ECF are equals, so water will not move and nothing will change in cell

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7
Q

understand what occurs when cells are in a hypertonic soln, isotonic soln and hypotonic soln

hypotonic

A

less solutes outside in ECF then there is inside of ICF

Water will be drawn into the cell, causing cell to burst

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8
Q

Describe water gain and water loss in the body and the significance if these are not balanced

A

Water gain should = water loss

Water gain- mainly should be ingested fluids, some come from ingested food

water loss- mainly will come from kidneys(pee), some will go out through skin,(sweat) lungs and gi tract

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9
Q

What occurs in dehydration?

A

water loss is greater then water gain

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10
Q

What are primary symptoms and primary way to treat? dehydration

A

less urine and more concentrated urine

will be treated by fluid replacement

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11
Q

Differentiate between hypervolemia and hypovolemia—including causes and results

hypervolemia

A

Too much blood volume/ body fluid

kidney failure/heart failure can cause

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12
Q

Differentiate between hypervolemia and hypovolemia—including causes and results

hypovolemia

A

Too little blood volume/body fluid

excessive urinary loss, diarrhea, or vomiting, can lead to hypovolemic shock and death.

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13
Q

Why is sodium the most important electrolyte in ECF?

A

maintain body fluids

controls movement of water inside and outside of cells(water follows salt)

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14
Q

Name most abundant electrolyte in ICF.

A

Potassium

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15
Q

How does body adapt when blood become too concentrated (increased osmolarity)? This will include hormonal influences

A

ADH causes reabsorption of water only

this is hypertonic

increase adh so more water gets reabsorbed into body, will decrease osmolarity back to normal

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16
Q

How does body adapt when blood become Too dilute (decreased osmolarity)? This will include hormonal influences

A

ADH causes reabsorption of water only

this is Hypotonic

decrease Adh so less water reaborbes back to body, will level out osmolarity

17
Q

How does body adapt if body fluid volume decreases? This will include hormonal influences

A

Salt water makes up volume of blood

-will try to add salt water to salt water (b/c this bv is too low)

angiotensin ll will release aldosterone

aldosterone will increase absorption of sodium and water

increased reabsorption will cause blood volume to go back to normal

18
Q

How does body adapt if body fluid volume Increases? This will include hormonal influences

A

salt water makes up volume of blood

attempt to remove salt water from salt water

anp/bnp will decrease reaborbtion of sodium and water

you will pee out more na and water and keep less in blood, causing a lower bv

19
Q

Sodium function

A

Most abundant in ECF

involved in:
nerve impulse

muscle contraction

distribution of water

resting membrane potential and generation of action potentials

20
Q

chloride function

A

ECF

plays role in :
maintaining osmotic pressure

forming HCL

Ph balance

21
Q

potassium function

A

abundant in ICF

plays role in:
resting membrane potential and generation of action potential

nerve impulse/muscle contration

intracellular fluid volume

regulares Ph

22
Q

calcium function

A

Most abundant mineral in body

Plays role in:
Clotting blood

neurotransmitter release

muscle contraction

23
Q

magnesium function

A

ATP production

protein synthesis

nerve& muscle function

bone strength

24
Q

phosphate function

A

synthesis of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

ATP

25
Q

Describe possible causes of hyponatremia and know the PRIMARY system that is disrupted with each

A

Decrease in sodium- dysfunction of N.S

excessive vomiting/ diarrhea

excessive water intake-water intoxication

26
Q

Describe possible causes of hypernatremia, and know the PRIMARY system that is disrupted with each

A

increase in sodium- dysfunction of N.S

dehydration / not enough water intake

too much intake of sodium

27
Q

Describe possible causes of hypokalemia and and know the PRIMARY system that is disrupted with each

A

decrease in potassium- dysfunction of heart

excessive vomiting/ diarrhea

Increased aldosterone levels

diuretic

28
Q

Describe possible causes of hyperkalemia and know the PRIMARY system that is disrupted with each

A

increase in potassium- dysfunction of heart

too much intake of potassium

decreased aldosterone levels

renal failure

crushing injuries

29
Q

Describe pH—how does a buffer work?

A

0 (acid) ——-7(neutral)———–14(alkaline)

Buffers- will go back to normal
if acid, will use alkaline buffer
if alkaline, will use acid buffer

30
Q

Describe the 3 ways homeostasis of pH of blood is maintained via buffer systems, exhalation, and by the kidneys. How can they bring pH back to normal?

buffer system

A

Too acidic- add base to neutralize

Too alkaline- add acid to neutralize

(I.e phosphate, proteins, bicarbonate)

31
Q

Describe the 3 ways homeostasis of pH of blood is maintained via buffer systems, exhalation, and by the kidneys. How can they bring pH back to normal?

exhalation

A

more co2= more h, less co2=less h

If blood is acidic- hyperventilate

if blood is alkaline- hypoventilate

32
Q

Describe the 3 ways homeostasis of pH of blood is maintained via buffer systems, exhalation, and by the kidneys. How can they bring pH back to normal?

kidneys

A

if blood is acidic, pee out more h

if blood is alkaline, not pee as much/less h

33
Q

What are the three main buffer systems in the body

A

kidneys

respitory

buffer system

34
Q

alkalosis

A

blood is too alkaline

high on ph scale

doesn’t have enough h in it

35
Q

acidosis

A

Blood is too acidic

low on ph scale

Has too much h in it

36
Q

metabolic acidosis—include main CAUSES of each disorder and the main way the body will COMPENSATE for each disorder

A

Causes: Diabetic-producing ketones, excessive diarrhea

Compensation: Lungs- hyperventilate

37
Q

metabolic alkalosis—include main CAUSES of each disorder and the main way the body will COMPENSATE for each disorder

A

Causes: vomit- lose acid & alkaline drugs

Compensation:Lungs- hypoventilate- keep more h in blood

38
Q

respiratory acidosis —include main CAUSES of each disorder and the main way the body will COMPENSATE for each disorder

A

Causes: Hypoventilation(exhale less co2&h)

Compensation: Kidneys
Pee out more hydrogen

39
Q

respiratory alkalosis—include main CAUSES of each disorder and the main way the body will COMPENSATE for each disorder

A

Causes: Hyperventilation (exhale too much co2 and h)

Compensation:Kidneys
Pee out less hydrogen

D-advanced anat (14 decks)

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