Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

D-advanced anat > Week 12- Digestive system > Flashcards

Week 12- Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Describe processes and purposes of digestion (mechanical vs. chemical) and absorption.

Mechanical

A

Starts in mouth-primarily Chewing

Physical breakdown of larger food into smaller components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe processes and purposes of digestion (mechanical vs. chemical) and absorption.

Chemical

A

Requires digestive enzymes

will chemically break down food into the smallest molecules so absorption can occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Absorption

A

When molecules move from gi tract into blood or lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens to ingested material that cannot be digested and absorbed?

A

will move to large intestine and will become feces to be eliminated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Briefly describe 4 layers of GI tract—describe how absorption occurs in specific layers.

mucosa

A

innermost layer

where food will touch gi tract-must go through its epithelial cells in order to enter blood or lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Briefly describe 4 layers of GI tract—describe how absorption occurs in specific layers.

submucosa

A

second innermost layer

will connect mucosa to larger armies, veins and lymph vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Briefly describe 4 layers of GI tract—describe how absorption occurs in specific layers.

musculares externa

A

smooth muscle layer

will help in movement of food down gi tract

help in peristalsis and segmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Briefly describe 4 layers of GI tract—describe how absorption occurs in specific layers.

serosa

A

Protective outer layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is peristalsis (aka gastric motility)? Which layer is responsible for peristalsis

A

alternating contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle so food can move through digestive tract

musculares externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Briefly describe swallowing (voluntary versus involuntary processes)

Voluntary

A

mouth will chew food and form bolus

then tongue will move bolus to back of throat

moves food to pharynx (line between voluntary and involuntary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Briefly describe swallowing (voluntary versus involuntary processes)

involuntary

A

after bolus gets moved into pharynx-

will move bolus from pharynx into esophagus

bolus then pushed into stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what brain structure controls swallowing?

A

medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Know the enzymes secreted from the salivary glands and give their general functions (what do they break down?

A

Salivary amylase- Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Know the enzymes secreted from the tongue and give their general functions (what do they break down?

A

Lingual lipase- lipids/fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Know the enzymes secreted from stomach, and give their general functions (what do they break down?

A

Pepsin- protein

gastric lipase- lipids/fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Know the enzymes secreted from the pancreas and give their general functions (what do they break down?

A

Pancreatic amylase- carbohydrates

trypsin- proteins

chymotrypsin- proteins

pancreatic lipase- lipids/fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Know the enzymes secreted from small intestine and give their general functions (what do they break down?

A

Maltase/sucrase/lactase- carbohydrates

peptidase- proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does chemical digestion BEGIN for each of these molecules: Carbohydrates

A

in the mouth

because salivary amylase breaks down carbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does chemical digestion BEGIN for each of these molecules: lipids,?

A

in the mouth

because lingual lipase breaks down lipids/fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does chemical digestion BEGIN for each of these molecules: proteins?

A

stomach

because pepsin breaks down proteins

21
Q

Where will the pancreas secrete substances?

A

Small intestine

specifically duodenum

22
Q

Where will the gallbladder secrete substances?

A

small intestine

23
Q

What will ingested carbohydrates , lipids and proteins get chemically broken down into so that they can be absorbed?

A

C- Glucose

P-amino acids

L-Fatty acids

24
Q

How are ingested carbohydrates and proteins absorbed?

A

go straight into intestinal cells

then go straight into venous side of capillaries

will filter into hepatic system- so liver, then heart, then cells

25
Q

How will ingested carbohydrates and proteins nutrients be used in the body?

A

C- broken down into glucose , so it cam be made into ATP

P-broken down into amino acids, so the body can make the proteins that it needs

26
Q

Describe storage of carbohydrates (glucose) in the body

A

Stored as glycogen in liver

if changed into fat, stored in adipose tissues

27
Q

Describe storage of amino acids in the body

A

used in cells to make proteins

DO NOT STORE

28
Q

Describe storage of lipids in the body

A

Stored in adipose tissues/cells

29
Q

Know function of bile and where it is produced/stored

A

Helps in absorption of fats

produced/stored in liver

30
Q

Know functions of HCl secreted from stomach

A

convert pepsin from pepsinogen

kill microbes that accidentally got ingested

31
Q

Know functions of intrinsic factor secreted from stomach

A

goes into small intestine

will help absorb vitamin B12 into system

(B12 is necessary to help produce RBC)

32
Q

Know functions of mucus secreted from stomach

A

will prevent HCL from destroying lining of GI tract

33
Q

What is the main function of the small intestine?

A

absorption of most of nutrients

34
Q

How is the small intestine structurally adapted for its functions?

A
35
Q

Describe the purpose of the hepatic portal system (also–where does the blood come from and where does it go to?)

A

nutrients from GI tract will enter blood, and enter hepatic portal vein- will bring to liver

in liver- nutrients can be modified, detoxified and liver can give its own nutrients

will end up in vena cava, in heart, then in cells

36
Q

Describe a micelle and chylomicron and their role in getting fats we eat into our blood

A

Micelle- will cover the fat in bile, will get fats into intestinal cells- and leaves bile behind

C-New protein coat after it gets in intestinal tract- will take it to lymph capillaries, where it can enter subclavian vein

37
Q

Describe these lipoproteins and their primary function
VLDL

A

Very low density lipoprotein

created in liver- will deliver fat to cells

38
Q

Describe these lipoproteins and their primary function
LDL

A

low density lipoprotein

when VLDL drops off its fat, gets converted into LDL

will deliver cholesterol to cell

if it runs out of places to deliver cholesterol, it can accumulate in blood= bad

39
Q

Describe these lipoproteins and their primary function

HDL

A

High density lipoprotein

Will go to blood, and collect excess cholesterol that LDL dropped off and bring back to liver

if not enough HDL to balance our LDL, high cholesterol can occur

40
Q

How does the nervous system control the GI tract?

A

Can promote or inhibit digestive activities based on if PNS or SNS are activated

41
Q

What is the enteric nervous system?

A

can promote local digestion

42
Q

How do the parasympathetic nervous systems affect the digestive system?

A

Will promote digestion

43
Q

How do the sympathetic nervous systems affect the digestive system?

A

will inhibit digestion

44
Q

Describe defecation reflex.

A

Parasympathetic nervous system-can only control smooth muscle

In rectum- stretch receptors will detect that it is full of feces

anal sphincters will open so you can defecate

45
Q

major functions of the following hormones: gastrin

A

promote digestion in stomach and secrete gastric acids and enzymes in stomach

46
Q

major functions of the following hormones:, secretin

A

promote secretion of bile and buffers from pancreas

inhibits gastric activity

47
Q

major functions of the following hormones:
CCK

A

promote secretion of bile and buffers from pancreas

inhibits gastric activity

48
Q

What types of molecules can the liver produce?

A

Bile

glycogens

cholesterol

clotting proteins/plasma proteins

VLDL, LDL and HDL

D-advanced anat (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions