Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Week 8 GI track > Flashcards

Week 8 GI track Flashcards

1
Q

What is ulcer?

A

Ulcers formed in the muscular mucosa in the wall of the GI tract
Ulcers occur when stomach acid damages the lining of the digestive tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 type of ulcer

A

duodenum
stomach(gastric ulcer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ulcer
What are 3 main causes?

A

Helicobacter pylori infection
Used NSAIDS
Stress related mucosal damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are mucosa protection? 4

A

Mucosa secretion(physical barrier)
Bicarbonate(chemical barrier)
Microcirculation(protection method)
Prostaglandin

Maintain basic environment
Our body have too little these protection stuff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

H. pylori
How to transmit?
Most affected populations?

A

Fecal-oral and oral-oral
Kids
Nurses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ulcer caused by H. pylori
Medication

A

Helidac
Prevpac
Pylera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which medication H. pylori starting resistance?

A

Prevpac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What NSAIDS dose to our body?

A

Dec production of prostaglandins
(ibuprofen etc)

Prostaglandins support our body’s protective factor(mucus, bicarbonate, microcirculation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ulcer caused by NSAIDs
Medication

A

Misoprostil
(Cytotec)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Misoprostil primary used these day is?

A

Promote abortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Misoprostil
a) action
b) ADRs

A

a) Synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog
Inc mucosal protection
dec gastric acid secretion

b) Diarrhea moderate to severer
Contraindication pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Helidac®
contain?

A

Bismuth subsalicylate
Metronidazole
Tetracycline
H2RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prevpac®
contain?

A

Clarithromycin
Amoxicillin
Lansoprazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pylera®
contain?

A

Bismuth subcitrate
Metronidazole
Tetracycline
Omeprazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the GERD?
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

A

Most common GI disorder
Tissue damage due to reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the condition of the GERD?

A

Chronic, relapsing condition related abnormal anatomy and motor function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

GERD
Typical symptoms 6

A

Heartburn
Acid regurgitation
Belching (burping)
Abdominal bloating
Early satiety(unable to eat a full meal)
Nausea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

GERD
Lifestyle modifications 7

A

Lose weight #1 cause
Smaller meals and low-fat foods
Avoid acid food
-citrus juice, tomato products, caffeine
Avoid lying down for 2-3 hr after meal
Avoid smoking!!
Elevate HOB
Avoid tight clothing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Antacids

A

Neutralize gastric acid
Rapid onset
Short duration of action
(take 7-10 times per day)
Mostly local acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Aluminum hydroxide
Product name

A

Neutralize gastric acid
Alternagel
Amphojel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Aluminum hydroxide
ADRs

A

Aluminum= Constipation!!
Osteoporosis
Phosphate depletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Magnesium
Product name

A

Neutralize gastric acid

Milk of Magnesia
Mag-OX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Magnesium
ADRs

A

Diarrhea
Hypokalemia
Hypermagnesemia (renal insufficiency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Calcium Carbonate
Product name

A

Neutralize gastric acid
Tums
Chooz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Calcium Carbonate
ADRs

A

Calcium stone formation
Acid rebound
(Calcium itself cause make more acid)
Milk-alkali syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate
Product name

A

Neutralize gastric acid

Alka-Seltzer
Baking soda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate
ADRs

A

Systemic alkalosis
Sodium overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Rolaids
Product

A

Calcium carbonate
Magnesium hydroxide
Don’t work well as Mylanta

-Synthetic pharmacodynamic drug drug interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Mylanta
Maalox
What contain?

A

Magnesium hydroxide
Aluminum hydroxide
Works better

diarrhea(Mg)+constipation(Al) cancel out
-Pharmacodynamic antagonistic therapeutic drug drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Antacids
Drug interaction

A

Tetracycline (Antibiotics)
-direct complex
Bisphosphonates
-reduce absorption
Ketoconazole
-Inc gastric pH to alkaline, dec absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Antacid + alginic acid=??

A

Gaviscon
Aluminum and magnesium antacids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Gaviscon
action

A

Forms a foam on the liquid present in the stomach
Work only while is int he upright position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What medication decrease acid production?

A

H2RA
Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
Misoprostil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

H2RA
Product name

A

Cimetidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine

tidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

H2RA
Action
ADRs

A

Dec histamine-mediated release of acid

Hormonal ADRs with cimetidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Proton Pump Inhibiter
Product name

A

Omeprazole
Lansoprazole
Dexlansoprazole
Esomeprazole

-prazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

PPI
action
ADRS

A

dec long lasting acid through inhibition of the enzyme responsible for secret gastric acid
95%!!

Dizziness, drowsiness and constipation

38
Q

PPI
Risk

A

risk associated with long term use
Pneumonia with COPD pt
(almost none acid cannot kill bacteria)
Osteoporosis
Inc risk of fracture

39
Q

PPI
how to take?

A

Take 20-30 min BEFORE first major meal of the day

Suppress food activated acid release

40
Q

Simethicone

Product name

A

Mylicon
Gas-X
Mylanta Gas

41
Q

Simethicone
action

A

relive intestinal gas
Prevent form of large gas bubbles

Safe for kids and baby

42
Q

What nausea?
What vomiting?

A

Inclination to vomit
- I’m going to vomit

Ejection of stomach contents

43
Q

Major concern N/V? 4

A

Dehydration
Metabolic alkalosis
(because all acid throwing up)
Loss of electrolytes
Esophageal damage

44
Q

Anticholinergics
Product name?

A

scopolamine
meclizine
dimenhydrinate

45
Q

Anticholinergics
used for?
ADRs?

A

simple nausea
Motion sickness
-doesn’t help pt who already vomiting

Drowsiness
Dry mouth
Dry everything
Constipation

46
Q

Serotonin Receptor Antagonists
Product name

A

dolasetron
granisetron
ondansetron
palonosetron

SETRON!!!

47
Q

Serotonin Receptor Antagonists

used for?
ADRs?

A

Acute N/V
Chemotherapy-including N/V
-if pt not vomit, inc cancer curing raters
headache
Constipation or diarrhea

48
Q

Dopamine Antagonists
Product name

A

promethazine
metoclopramide

49
Q

Dopamine Antagonists
used for?
ADRs?

A

Acute N/V

ADRs
this drug not so common d/t a lot of side effects
-dimness
-confusion
-abnormal involuntary movement

50
Q

Cannabinoids
products name

A

dronabinol
nabilone

Marijuana drug

51
Q

Cannabinoids
used for?
ADRs?

A

Mild moderate nausea
(not for vomiting)
Less effective than others

Sedation
dizziness
ataxia

52
Q

Corticosteroids
Product name

A

dexamethasone
methylprednisolone

53
Q

Corticosteroids
used for?
ADRs?

A

Post-surgical N/V
Only for SHORTERM used*

Short term used for avoid ADRs

54
Q

Neurokinin Antagonist
Product name
Used for?
ADRs?

A

aprepitant
chemotherapy N/V
Post-surgical N/V
** Very expensive, only hospitalization

Well tolerated

55
Q

Hemorrhoid?
heh·mr·oyd

A

痔

56
Q

Constipation
Background

A

Very common (20% of population)
Range vary based on pt so be sure to assess baseline

57
Q

Constipation
Causes

A

Diet (lack of fluid and fiber)
Lifestyle
GI disease
Metabolic disorder
Pregnancy
Drugs (aluminum)

58
Q

Constipation
symptoms-major 5

A

Dec frequency
Hard/dry stool
Painful defecation
Abdominal distention
Palpable mass

59
Q

Constipation
symptoms-minor Kids 4

A

Rectal pressure
Headache
Dec appetite
Abdominal pain

60
Q

Constipation
symptoms RED FLAG 5

A

Blood in stools
(hemorrhoid? GI cancer?)
Weight loss
Fever
Anorexia
Nausea and vomiting

61
Q

Constipation
Complications

A

Anal fissure
Hemorrhoids
Rectal prolapse

Fecal impaction

62
Q

Bulk forming Laxatives
Product name

A

Psyllium
Methylcellulose
Calcium polycarbophil
Wheat dextrin

63
Q

Bulk forming Laxatives
a) action
b) onset

A

Absorbs water to inc fecal mass
Distending bowel to initiate reflex activity　膨らむ

12-72hr

64
Q

Bulk forming Laxatives
a) ADRs
b) Comments

A

Flatulence(accumulation of gas)
Abdominal cramping/blotting

Must drink sufficient water
Avoid in dehydrated patients

65
Q

Stool softeners
a) Product name
-calcium
-sodium
b) onset

A

Docusate surfak
Docusate colace

1 to 2days

66
Q

Stool softeners
action

A

Soften stool mass (keep water in stool)

67
Q

Stool softeners
a) ADRs
b) Comments

A

Diarrhea

Works best for prevention
Prevents straining(pulled muscle)

68
Q

Stimulants
action

A

Inc peristalsis by irritating nerves in colon

69
Q

Constipation
Stimulants
a) products name
b) onset

A

a) Senna, Biscodyl, Castor oil

b) 6-12 hr (PO)
15-30min (suppository/into bottom)

70
Q

Constipation
Stimulants
a) ADRs
b) Comments

A

a) Abdominal cramps (sever)
diarrhea
b) Laxative dependency if use too much

71
Q

Osmotic laxatives
a) Products
b) onset

A

Hypertonic electrolytes,
Magnesium citrate
Magnesium hydroxide (MOM)
Sodium phosphate,
Golytely

Dose dependent
(1-8 hr oral, minutes rectally)

72
Q

Osmotic laxatives
action

A

Inc water content in bowel stimulates peristalsis
Hold water in bowel through osmotic pressure

73
Q

Osmotic laxatives
a) ADRs
b) Comments

A

a) Diarrhea/cramping
Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalance

Caution in renal failure (hypertonic electrolytes)

74
Q

Lubricants
a) Product name
b) onset
c) action

A

a) Mineral oil (not orally)
b) 24-48hr
c) Coats feces easing passage of stool
Maintains water in stool

75
Q

Lubricants
a) ADRs
b) Comments

A

a) Can ne absorbed, causes an inflammatory reaction
Lipid pneumonia
b) Absorb fat soluble vitamins
tends to leak from rectum
Best used a component of an enema

76
Q

Diarrhea
background

A

Not a disease, it a symptom of disease
Marked by inc stoll frequency
(lack of control)
abdominal cramps
Rectal urgency
Loose, watery formed stools

Usually self-limiting
3-4 days

77
Q

Diarrhea
causes

A

Infection(viral and bacteria)
Drugs
(antibiotics, laxatives, orlistat)
Food
Malabsorption

78
Q

Adsorbents
product name
Onset

A

Attapulgite
12hr to 2days

79
Q

Adsorbents
action

A

Absorbs excess fluid in the intestine, stabilizes stool mass

80
Q

Adsorbents
a) ADRs
b) Comments

A

Constipation
Not absorbed (No systemic ADRs)
Drug interactions due to complexation

81
Q

Anti-peristaltic
Product name
Onset

A

Loperamide(Imodium)
45-60 mins

82
Q

Anti-peristaltic
action

A

Prolong intestinal transit time by stimulating GI opioid receptors

Allow for longer water reabsorption

83
Q

Anti-peristaltic
a) ADRs
b) Comments

A

Constipation
abdominal pain

4mg followed by 2mg after each loose stool(Max 16mg/day) for up to 48hr

Contraindication in patients<2 years old

84
Q

Which diarrhea medication has black box waring?

A

Anti-peristaltic/Loperamide(Imodium)
Black box warning!!!

Cardia arrhythmias when used in higher than recommended doses

85
Q

Antisecretory
Product name
onset

A

Bismuth subsalicylate
4-24hr

86
Q

Antisecretory
action

A

Prevent secretions into the bowel, antibiotic

87
Q

Antisecretory
a) ADRs
b) Comments

A

Temporary darkening of tongue
Salicylate allergy

88
Q

What is the Salicylate allergy?

A

Salicylates are a type of drug found in many over-the-counter and prescription medicines.
Aspirin is the most common type of salicylate.
Asthma-like symptoms, such as wheezing and trouble breathing

89
Q

What medication can cause an electrolyte imbalance and should therefore be used with caution in renal patients?

A

Polyethylene glycol (MiraLAX)
Constipation med

90
Q

The drug that treats diarrhea the fastest is?

A

Loperamide 45-60mins

Pharmacology (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions