Week 4/Lipid Flashcards
Take fat from the intestine to the liver
Chylomicrons
カイロミクロンは食物中の脂質を腸から体内のその他の場所へ輸送する
produced in the liver and released into the bloodstream to supply body tissues with a type of fat (triglycerides).
Gets loaded with triglycerides by the liver after the liver process the fat
Takes the triglycerides to the tissues for energy/storage
Become low density lipoproteins after dumping of triglycerides
Very low-density lipoproteins
sometimes called “bad” cholesterol, makes up most of your body’s cholesterol.
Empty lipoprotein that travels back to the liver to get reloaded with triglycerides
Get stuck in arteries – causes jams
Low density lipoproteins
Absorbs cholesterol and carries it back to the liver.
The liver then flushes it from the body. High levels of HDL cholesterol can lower your risk for heart disease and stroke
Rescue stuck LDL’s from arteries→ LDLs then return to the liver
High density lipoproteins
ASCHD (Arteriosclerotic Coronary Heart Disease):
Higher the person’s a_______, higher the chance of b______ from ASCHD
a) cholesterol
b) dying
Arteriosclerotic Coronary Heart Disease
Damage or disease in the heart’s major blood vessels.
The usual cause is the buildup of plaque. This causes coronary arteries to narrow, limiting blood flow to the heart.
Lipoprotein composed of?
cholesterol
phospholipids
triglyceride
lipoprotein
Eat food →Fat goes to stomach→
a) ＿＿＿→ liver
a) Chylomicrons
Fat goes to the liver
What is triglyceride?
They come from food
Triglycerides are a type of fat (lipid) found in your blood.
When you eat, your body converts any calories it doesn’t need to use right away into triglyceride
Liver process the fat to deliver
a)______ into VLDLS → taken to the b)_______ as source of energy
a) triglycerides
b) tissue
After fat removed become LDLS, LDLs get stuck in ?
Arteries
HDLs can carry out LDLs to where?
Liver
LDL go back to liver
Too many LDLs or not enough HDLs to rescue , then what disease will occur?
Atherosclerosis (the buildup of fats)
Thrombi can become unattached from buildup and become embolism causing:
What is density?
How many phospholipids and proteins are present
Phospholipids, are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic “head”
a) Bile is what?
b) Made by where?
c) Store in where?
d) Bile help with what?
a) digestive juice
b) liver
c) gallbladder
d) small intestine help to absorb fat
What bile acid made of?
Cholesterol
97% are reused
Is bile and bile acid the same?
Bile contains bile acids, which are critical for digestion and absorption of fats
Bile Acid Resins
Name of meds?
Cholestyramine
Colestipol
Colesevelam
Cole: all drugs start with “cole”
Bile Acid Resins/BARs
Dosage form
Powder (most common)
Chewable bars
Tablets
powder form is grainy, tastes better cold & mixed with pulpy beverage - don’t mix w/ carbonated beverage
Bile Acid Reins
ADRs
GI constipation,
bloating
epigastric fullness
nausea
flatulence
Bile Acid Reins
Nursing Notes
Inc pt fluid intake, bulk in diet
Use stool softeners
Start w/ small dose & titrate up
40% pts discontinue w/in a year d/t ADRs
Interacts w/ drugs & fat soluble vitamin (A,D,E,K)
4 hours separating with other drugs
Bile Acid Resins
Action
Binds to bile acids to stop their reuse
Result: body must make more bile acids from cholesterol in LDLs → dec LDLs (-25%)
Niacin
a) dosage form
b) Advantage and Disadvantage
a) Immediate release (IR): 4g
Sustained release (XR): 2g
b) IR has immediate action and is reason for symptomatic ADRs
XR causes liver toxicity
Niacin
ADRs IR and XR
IR: flushing, itching, rash, hives
cause dilation of blood vassals
(Niacin is not nice on skin)
XR: liver toxicity, GI bleeds, hyperglycemia/diabetes, gout, muscle damage
