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Pharmacology > Exam 2 pain, GI, Asthma > Flashcards

Exam 2 pain, GI, Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

Match the description of pain to the correct term:
a. Somatic
b. Visceral

Described as dull, aching, throbbing
Referred or well-localized
Well-localized

A

a
b
a

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2
Q

Which of the following statements are true regarding Simple Analgesics? SATA

a. Ceiling effect to pain relief
b. Have physiological dependence
c. Don’t have tolerance or physiological dependence
d. Majority can be purchased over-the-counter
e. For moderate to severe pain.

A

a,c,d

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3
Q

Which of the following doses of aspirin should be given for analgesic effect?

a. 100-500 mg/day
b. 650-4000 mg/day
c. 4000-8000 mg/day
d. 75-81 mg

A

b antipyretic + analgesic

c antiinflammatory
d antiplatelet

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4
Q

All of the following are true about aspirin except for:

a. May cause Stomach ulcers
b. Risk for blood clots
c. Risk for Salicylism
d. Avoid use in children
e. May impair kidney function

A

b

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5
Q

Which of the following opioids results in less respiratory depression and may cause withdrawal in patients who have developed tolerance to opioids? SATA

a. Pentazocine
b. Oxycodone
c. Naltrexone
d. Buprenorphine
e. Meperidine

A

a, d

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6
Q

Match the following drugs to the correct description.
a. Morphine
b. Oxycodone
c. Meperidine
d. Fentanyl
e. Methadone

__ Caution with renal impairment
__ Has the longest duration of action
__ Only available orally
__ First line for moderate/severe pain
__ Most potent opioid

A

c
e
b
a
d

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7
Q

Which of the following are true regarding Naloxone? SATA

a. Full agonist
b. Rapidly reverses respiratory depression
c. Can treat opioid-induced pruritus
d. Affinity for most opioid receptors
e. May need to be given multiple times

A

b,c,e

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8
Q

Which of the following statements are true regarding opioid ADRs? SATA

a. Drowsiness and sedation will resolve in a few days
b. Itching is most common when an opioid is taken orally
c. Respiratory depression is the most serious ADR
d. Constipation is the most common ADR but most people will develop tolerance to
it within a week

A

a,c

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9
Q

Which of the following agents causes less respiratory depression than a natural opioid
and is classified as a schedule IV 4 controlled substance?
a. Dantrolene
b. Gabapentin
c. Naltrexone
d. Tramadol

A

d

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10
Q

Match the following muscle relaxants to the correct description.
a. Dantrolene
b. Baclofen
c. Cyclobenzaprine
d. Tizanidine

__ Used for muscle spasms and alcoholism
__ Works in CNS to decrease muscle spasm activity and may cause seizures and
arrhythmias
__ Used for back spasms, MS and anticonvulsant
__ May cause liver failure, hypotension, and increased spasms

A

b
c
d
a

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11
Q

Match the following muscle relaxants to the correct description.

a. Dantrolene
b. Baclofen
c. Cyclobenzaprine
d. Tizanidine

__ Interferes with Ca release
__ May experience visual/auditory hallucinations, delusions, agitation and
seizures
__ Used for muscle spasms and malignant hyperthermia

A

a
b
a

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12
Q

Acetaminophen
a) action
b) use for?

A

a) inhibits only central COX
b) Analgesic
Antipyretic

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13
Q

Which opioid available for PO?

A

Oxycodone
Meperidine
Methadone

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14
Q

Match the following terms to the correct description.
a. H. Pylori
b. Misoprostol
c. Antacids
d. Alginic acid
e. H2RA
f. PPI
g. Sucralfate
h. Simethicone

__ Neutralize gastric acid, have a short DOA and work immediately on contact
__ Basically turn off gastric acid production, take before first major meal
__ Relieves intestinal gas by preventing large gas bubbles
__ Forms a foam that floats on top of liquid in stomach, upright position required

A

c classification
f
h
d medication name
Gaviscon

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15
Q

Match the following terms to the correct description.
a. H. Pylori
b. Misoprostol
c. Antacids
d. Alginic acid
e. H2RA
f. PPI
g. Sucralfate
h. Simethicone

__ Increases mucosal protection, induces uterine contractions, cervical ripening
__ Forms a protective barrier at the ulcer site
__ Decrease histamine-mediated release of acid
__ Eradicating this is the main mode of treating ulcers

A

b ulcer NSAIDS
g classification ulcer
e
a

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16
Q

Match the following drugs to the correct adverse reactions.
a. Amphojel
b. Pantoprazole
c. Alka-Seltzer
d. Cimetidine
e. Mag-Ox
f. Tums

_ Milk-alkali syndrome
__ Constipation, phosphate depletion
__ Pneumonia, osteoporosis
__ Diarrhea, hypokalemia
__ Hormonal effects
__ Systemic alkalosis

A

f
a
b
e
d
c

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17
Q

Match the use to the correct classification.

a. Post Op N/V
b. Chemo-induced N/V
c. Simple nausea
d. Motion sickness
e. Acute N/V
f. General purpose
g. Mild/moderate nausea with minimal vomiting

___ Anticholinergics
___ Serotonin Antagonists
___ Dopamine Antagonists

A

c,d
e
f

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18
Q

Match the use to the correct classification.

a. Post Op N/V
b. Chemo-induced N/V
c. Simple nausea
d. Motion sickness
e. Acute N/V
f. General purpose
g. Mild/moderate nausea with minimal vomiting

___ Cannabinoids
___ Corticosteroids
___ Neurokinin Antagonists

A

g
a
b

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19
Q

Which of the following are red flag symptoms in a patient with constipation? SATA:

a. Blood in stools
b. Painful defecation
c. Palpable mass
d. Fever
e. Anorexia
f. Weight gain
g. Nausea and vomiting

A

a,d,e,g

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20
Q

a. Coats feces easing passage of stool
b. Wetting agent used to soften stool mass
c. Increase peristalsis by irritating nerves in colon
d. Absorbs water to increase bulk, distends bowel to initiate reflex activity
e. Increase water content of bowel to stimulate peristalsis; acts as a “water magnet”

___ Bulk Forming laxatives
___ Stool softeners
___ Stimulants
___ Osmotic Laxatives
___ Lubricants

A

d
b
c
e
a

21
Q

Match the drugs used for diarrhea to their mechanism of action:
a. Absorbs excess fluid in the intestine, stabilizes stool mass
b. Prevents secretions into the bowel
c. Prolongs intestinal transit time

__ Anti-peristaltic
__ Adsorbents
__ Antisecretory

A

c
a
b

22
Q

Which of the lower GI agents has a black box warning for ischemic colitis?
a. Lubiprostone
b. Dicyclomine
c. Alosetron
d. Bisacodyl

A

c

23
Q

Which class of medications has a risk for laxative dependency?
a. Bulk-forming laxatives
b. Lubricants
c. Stimulants
d. Osmotic laxatives

A

c

24
Q

.Which of the following is true regarding Misoprostol? (SATA)

a. Can be taken by pregnant women
b. Only taken once a day
c. Has Diarrhea as a side effect
d. Is as effective as a PPI
e. Decreases gastric acid secretion

A

c
e

25
Q

True or false
Antacids neutralize gastric acid and are taken an hour before meals

A

False
Up to 3 hours after meals or 20-40 mins fasting

26
Q

Which of the following medication decrease gastric acid secretion? (SATA)

a. Calcium carbonate
b. Pantoprazole
c. Sulcrafate
d. Misoprostol
e. Cimetidine

A

b
d
e

27
Q

Which statement is correct regarding the use of Lansoprazole? (SATA)

a. Risk for pneumonia with long-term use
b. Take 20-30 mins after meals
c. Forms a protective barrier at ulcer site
d. Can cause mild constipation
e. Decreases gastric acid by 95%

A

a
d
e
PPI

28
Q

Which of the following medications is used for motion sickness?

a. Ondansetron
b. Metoclopramide
c. Scopolamine
d. Methylprednisolone
e. Aprepitant

A

c
Scopolamine - anticholinergics

29
Q

Which of the following medications can cause an electrolyte imbalance and should therefore be used with caution in renal patients?

a. Senna
b. Mineral oil
c. Polyethylene glycol
d. Colace

A

C

30
Q

The drug that treats diarrhea the fastest is:
a. Attapulgute
b. Bismuth subsalicylate
c. Loperamide

A

Loperamide : 45-60 minutes

31
Q

Which of the following medications has a black box warning that says higher than recommended doses can cause cardiac arrhythmias?
a. Bismuth subsalicylate
b. Loperamide
c. Attapulgite

A

b

32
Q

Classification

a. Experiences symptoms a few days a week
b. Has no interference with activity
c. Has some limitations with activity

A

a) Mild Persistent FEV1 > 80%
b) Intermittent FEV1 > 80%
c) Moderate Persistent FEV1 60-80%

33
Q

Classification
d. Has symptoms multiple times during the day
e. Extremely limited on activities
f. Experiences symptoms daily

A

d) Severe Persistent EV1 < 60%
e) Severe Persistent
f) Moderate Persistent

34
Q

Asthma medications are that it is _______ specific and has less _________ exposure.

A

site
systemic

35
Q

Match the terms to the correct description.
a. Metered dose inhaler
b. Spacer device
c. Dry powder inhaler
d. Nebulizer

__ Only used with a metered dose inhaler
__ Needs a higher inspiratory flow
__ Solution/suspension in pressurized container
__ Offers enhanced lung delivery

A

b
c
a
b

36
Q

Match the terms to the correct description.
a. Metered dose inhaler
b. Spacer device
c. Dry powder inhaler
d. Nebulizer

__ Great for pt who can’t take deep/forceful breath
__ May be irritating to the throat and cause pt to cough
__ Aerosolized liquid form that requires a longer treatment time
__ Technique is important and must shake before administration

A

d
c
d
a

37
Q

Which of the following MDI techniques is the most effective when done with perfect technique?
a. Open mouth
b. Aerochamber spacer
c. Closed mouth

A

b

open mouth then close

38
Q

Identify the correct order of steps for administering medication via a metered dose inhaler.

a. Shake inhaler, remove dust cap, hold inhaler to mouth, begin inhalation and breathe slowly, hold
breath, exhale slowly
b. Remove the cap, shake inhaler, hold to mouth, exhale completely, begin inhalation and breathe
slowly, hold breath, exhale slowly
c. Remove the cap, shake inhaler, hold to mouth, exhale completely, begin inhalation and breathe in
quickly, exhale slowly

A

b

39
Q

Which of the following characteristics are true regarding ICS? SATA

a. Reduce response to triggers
b. First line agent for an acute exacerbation
c. Should use lowest effective dose to minimize systemic s/e
d. Anti-inflammatory

A

a,c,d

40
Q

Which of the following drugs is an example of an ICS?

a. Salmeterol
b. Montelukast
c. Cromolyn
d. Flunisolide
e. Aminophylline

A

d

Boy
Friend
Mom
Boy
Friend
Try

41
Q

Which of the following are true regarding LABAs? SATA
a. Can be used alone in a pt with asthma
b. Used for prevention
c. Have a black box warning
d. Is only used in addition to a leukotriene receptor antagonist

A

b, c

42
Q

Which of the following agents are given orally for Asthma? SATA

a. Formoterol
b. Zafirlukast
c. Levalbuterol
d. Cromolyn
e. Montelukast

A

b,e Leukotrienes in Asthma
d Mast Cell Stabilizers

43
Q

Which of the following statements are true about Mast Cell Stabilizers? SATA

a. Prevent allergen mediated and exercise induced bronchoconstriction.
b. Good rescue medication
c. Not used for bronchodilation
d. Very well tolerated

A

a,c,d

44
Q

Which agent has a narrow therapeutic range and extremely harmful ADRs?

a. Albuterol
b. Formoterol
c. Nedocromil
d. Aminophylline

A

d Methylxanthines
Theophylline (PO)
Aminophylline(IV)

Seizures
Cardiac arrhythmias

45
Q

Which of the following agents ADR include tremors and tachycardia? Select all that apply.

a. Levalbuterol
b. Albuterol
c. Formoterol + ICS
d. Salmeterol

A

a,b,c
d LABA

46
Q

Which of the following statements are true about SAMAs? SATA

a. They provide relief of acute bronchospasm
b. Reverse acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm
c. Should not be used with other drugs
d. Cause dry mouth, headache, dizziness

A

a,b,d

47
Q

Match the route of admin with the agent:
a. Prednisone
b. Prednisolone
c. Methylprednisolone
____ IV
____ Syrup
____ Oral tablet

A

c
b
a

48
Q

Label the % for peak flow determination

Green = _____%
Yellow = _____%
Red = _____%

A

Pharmacology (34 decks)

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