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Pharmacology > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

ACE inhibitors

Name of drugs?

A

captopril (Capoten)

Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)

benazepril (Lotensin)

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2
Q

ACE inhibitors

Pharmacological action?

Indication?

A

Vasodilation
Exertion of Sodium and Water
Retention of Potassium

HTN
Heart failure
Diabetic nephropathy

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3
Q

ACE inhibitors

Side-effects

A

Hypotension

A ngioedema
C ough
E levated K+ 3.5 to 5.0mEg/L

teratogenic drag

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4
Q

ACE inhibitors

Client education

A

Change position slowly
Inform pt to expect dry cough/notify the provider
Inform pt to expect rash/notify the provider

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5
Q

Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers

Name?

A

losartan (Cozaar)

Irbesartan (Avapro)

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6
Q

Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers

Indication?

A

HTN
HF
Stroke prevention(only losartan)
Diabetic neuropathy

vasodilation
exertion of sodium and water

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7
Q

What medication does prevent stroke?

A

losartan (Cozaar)

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8
Q

Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers

side-effects

A

Hypotension
Dizziness
GI upset
Angioedema

teratogenic drag

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9
Q

Too much aldosterone can cause?

A

High blood pressure and a build-up of fluid in body tissues

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10
Q

Where are alpha 1 receptors located?

A

Vascular smooth muscle
Prostate muscle
Internal urethral Sphincter
Iris smooth muscle

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11
Q

Aldosterone antagonists

Name of drugs?

A

eplerenone (Inspra)

spironolactone (Aldactone)

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12
Q

What does angiotensin do on the smooth muscle?

A

Smooth muscle contract
↓
Vasoconstriction
↓
Decrease diameter
↓
Increase BP

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13
Q

Where’s the smooth muscle located?

A

The liver, pancreas, and intestines, except the heart

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14
Q

What does angiotensin do on the post pituitary?

A

ADH release
↓
Increase water re-absorption
↓
Increase BF
↓
Increase BP

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15
Q

What does angiotensin do to the adrenal gland?

A

Aldosterone release/steroid hormone
↓
Increase water and sodium re-absorption
↓
Increase BF
↓
Increase BP

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16
Q

What is the negative side of the aldosterone

on the body?

A

Promotes urinary potassium excretion

= hypokalemia

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17
Q

Aldosterone antagonists

Indication?

18
Q

Aldosterone antagonists

Side-effects

A

Hyperkalemia

19
Q

Aldosterone antagonists

Client education

A

Monitor BP and K levels (3.5-5.0)

No child to take

20
Q

Where are epinephrine and norepinephrine released from?

A

Adrenal glands

21
Q

When are epinephrine and norepinephrine released?

A

flight/fight hormones
Released when the body is under extreme stress.

22
Q

What two divisions are part of the autonomic nervous system?

A

(1) Sympathetic division
and
(2) Parasympathetic division

23
Q

What is the sympathetic division primarily used for?

A

The fight or flight response

Physical activity

24
Q

Sympathetic system

HR?
RR?
Energy?
GI tract?
Urination?

A

HR increase
RR Increase
Glucose release

GI track down
Urination down

25
Parasympathetic system HR? RR? Energy? GI tract? Urination?
HR decrease RR decrease Glucose store GI track increase Urination increase
26
Alpha 1 blockers Name
doxazosin terazosin prazosin tamsulosin
27
What does the alpha 1 receptor do to the body?
Vascular smooth muscle to vasocontraction Internal urethral Sphincter to contract
28
Alpha 1 blockers Side-effects
Hypotension Headache Dizziness
29
where the beta 1 receptor located?
Heart and kidney(J.G cell)
30
where the beta 2 receptor located?
Eye (increase hummer/fluid) Lungs (bronchodilation) Liver and pancreas(increase glucose) Vascular smooth muscle Gastric smooth muscle(decrease GI motility and secretion)
31
Beta-blocker 1st generation/non-selective
timolol propranolol sotalol
32
Beta-blocker 2nd generation/selective
atenolol esmolol metoprolol
33
Beta-blocker 3rd generation/non-selective
Labetalol carvedilol
34
Which medicine is for glaucoma?
timolol
35
Which medicine is for anxiety?
propranolol
36
Which medicine is for emergency HTN?
labetalol Pregnant OK
37
Beta-blockers Indication
HTN CAD HF(not in decompensated) Anxiety Glaucoma
38
Beta-blockers Side-effect
Bradycardia Hypotension Bronchospasm(NO CPPD and asthma) diarrhea fatigue
39
CCBs Name/non-dihydropyridine
verapamil diltiazem
40
CCBs Name/dihydropyridine
amlodipine nifedipine
41
CCBs Indication
HTN HTN emergency 180/120 angina
42
CCBs Side-effects
hypotension edema headache constipation

Pharmacology (34 decks)

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