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Pharmacology > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

ACE inhibitors

Name of drugs?

A

captopril (Capoten)

Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)

benazepril (Lotensin)

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2
Q

ACE inhibitors

Pharmacological action?

Indication?

A

Vasodilation
Exertion of Sodium and Water
Retention of Potassium

HTN
Heart failure
Diabetic nephropathy

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3
Q

ACE inhibitors

Side-effects

A

Hypotension

A ngioedema
C ough
E levated K+ 3.5 to 5.0mEg/L

teratogenic drag

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4
Q

ACE inhibitors

Client education

A

Change position slowly
Inform pt to expect dry cough/notify the provider
Inform pt to expect rash/notify the provider

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5
Q

Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers

Name?

A

losartan (Cozaar)

Irbesartan (Avapro)

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6
Q

Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers

Indication?

A

HTN
HF
Stroke prevention(only losartan)
Diabetic neuropathy

vasodilation
exertion of sodium and water

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7
Q

What medication does prevent stroke?

A

losartan (Cozaar)

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8
Q

Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers

side-effects

A

Hypotension
Dizziness
GI upset
Angioedema

teratogenic drag

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9
Q

Too much aldosterone can cause?

A

High blood pressure and a build-up of fluid in body tissues

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10
Q

Where are alpha 1 receptors located?

A

Vascular smooth muscle
Prostate muscle
Internal urethral Sphincter
Iris smooth muscle

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11
Q

Aldosterone antagonists

Name of drugs?

A

eplerenone (Inspra)

spironolactone (Aldactone)

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12
Q

What does angiotensin do on the smooth muscle?

A

Smooth muscle contract
↓
Vasoconstriction
↓
Decrease diameter
↓
Increase BP

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13
Q

Where’s the smooth muscle located?

A

The liver, pancreas, and intestines, except the heart

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14
Q

What does angiotensin do on the post pituitary?

A

ADH release
↓
Increase water re-absorption
↓
Increase BF
↓
Increase BP

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15
Q

What does angiotensin do to the adrenal gland?

A

Aldosterone release/steroid hormone
↓
Increase water and sodium re-absorption
↓
Increase BF
↓
Increase BP

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16
Q

What is the negative side of the aldosterone

on the body?

A

Promotes urinary potassium excretion

= hypokalemia

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17
Q

Aldosterone antagonists

Indication?

A

HTN
HF

18
Q

Aldosterone antagonists

Side-effects

A

Hyperkalemia

19
Q

Aldosterone antagonists

Client education

A

Monitor BP and K levels (3.5-5.0)

No child to take

20
Q

Where are epinephrine and norepinephrine released from?

A

Adrenal glands

21
Q

When are epinephrine and norepinephrine released?

A

flight/fight hormones
Released when the body is under extreme stress.

22
Q

What two divisions are part of the autonomic nervous system?

A

(1) Sympathetic division
and
(2) Parasympathetic division

23
Q

What is the sympathetic division primarily used for?

A

The fight or flight response

Physical activity

24
Q

Sympathetic system

HR?
RR?
Energy?
GI tract?
Urination?

A

HR increase
RR Increase
Glucose release

GI track down
Urination down

25
Q

Parasympathetic system

HR?
RR?
Energy?
GI tract?
Urination?

A

HR decrease
RR decrease
Glucose store

GI track increase
Urination increase

26
Q

Alpha 1 blockers

Name

A

doxazosin

terazosin

prazosin

tamsulosin

27
Q

What does the alpha 1 receptor do to the body?

A

Vascular smooth muscle to vasocontraction

Internal urethral Sphincter to contract

28
Q

Alpha 1 blockers

Side-effects

A

Hypotension
Headache
Dizziness

29
Q

where the beta 1 receptor located?

A

Heart and kidney(J.G cell)

30
Q

where the beta 2 receptor located?

A

Eye (increase hummer/fluid)
Lungs (bronchodilation)
Liver and pancreas(increase glucose)
Vascular smooth muscle
Gastric smooth muscle(decrease GI motility and secretion)

31
Q

Beta-blocker

1st generation/non-selective

A

timolol

propranolol

sotalol

32
Q

Beta-blocker

2nd generation/selective

A

atenolol

esmolol

metoprolol

33
Q

Beta-blocker

3rd generation/non-selective

A

Labetalol

carvedilol

34
Q

Which medicine is for glaucoma?

A

timolol

35
Q

Which medicine is for anxiety?

A

propranolol

36
Q

Which medicine is for emergency HTN?

A

labetalol

Pregnant OK

37
Q

Beta-blockers

Indication

A

HTN
CAD
HF(not in decompensated)
Anxiety
Glaucoma

38
Q

Beta-blockers

Side-effect

A

Bradycardia
Hypotension
Bronchospasm(NO CPPD and asthma)
diarrhea
fatigue

39
Q

CCBs

Name/non-dihydropyridine

A

verapamil

diltiazem

40
Q

CCBs

Name/dihydropyridine

A

amlodipine

nifedipine

41
Q

CCBs

Indication

A

HTN
HTN emergency 180/120
angina

42
Q

CCBs

Side-effects

A

hypotension
edema
headache
constipation

Pharmacology (34 decks)

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