Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Final #2 > Flashcards

Final #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertension
Stage 1
Stage 2

A

130-139 or 80-89
≥140 or ≥90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hypertension
First in line agents

A

Thiazide diuretics
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
CCBs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hypertension
Alternative agents

A

Direct renin inhibitors
Beta blockers
Alpha blockers
Central alpha agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thiazide diuretics
Agents:

A

Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorothalidone
Metolazone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thiazide diuretics
MOA:
ADR:

A

a) lower BP through diuresis
b)sun sensitivity, metabolic
nausea, erectile dysfunction,
Set dose limit to 25 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thiazide diuretics
Contraindications

A

anuria
無尿
failure of the kidneys to produce urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ACE Inhibitors
Agent ends of?
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

A

Benazepril
–Captopril
–Enalapril
–Fosinopril

“pril”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
a) MOA
b) ADR

A

a )blocks conversion of ANG I to ANG II
b)Angioedema, Cough, Elevated potassium
hyperkalemia, acute kidney failure, angioedema
angioedema
Painless swelling under the skin, triggered by an allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ACE Inhibitors
Contraindications

A

pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ARBs
Agents ends of?
Angiotensin 2 receptor blocker

A

Candesartan
–Eprosartan
–Irbesartan
–Losartan
“sartan”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ARBs
a) MOA
b) ADR:

A

a) ang II receptor antagonists
b) no cough
orthostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ARBs
Contraindications:

A

pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Calcium channel blockers:
Agents:
a) Dihydropyridine:
b) Non-dihydropyridine:

A

a) ends “dipine”
b) Diltiazem
Verapamil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a) Dihydropyridine ADR
b) Nondihydropyridine ADR

A

a) dizziness, flushing, headache, peripheral edema
b) anorexia, constipation (verapamil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Direct renin inhibitors
a) Agents
b) MOA
c) ADR:
d) Contraindicated in

A

a) aliskiren
b) blocks renin
c) orthostasis, angioedema
e) pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Beta blockers
Agents

A

Atenolol
Betaxolol
Bisoprolol
Metoprolol
Nebivolol
olol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Beta blockes
which one pregnency woman can use?

A

Labetalol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Beta blockes
a) MOA
b) ADR

A

a) cardioselective has greater affinity for B1 (heart and kidney) receptors, preferred for HTN
b) bradycardia, dizziness, drowsiness, bronchoconstriction in asthma/COPD, rebound HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Alpha blockers
Agents

A

Prazosin
Terazosin
Doxazosin
** “zosin”**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Alpha blockers:
a) MOA
b) Use
c) ADR

A

a) Selective a1 receptors
vasodilation, dec BP
b) reserved for pts with treatment resistant HTN
c) first dose effect, OH, CNS effects, priapism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Central alpha agonists:
Agents:

A

Clonidine
Methyldopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Central alpha agonists
a) MOA
b) ADRs

A

a) reduces sympathetic flow to brain
b) rebound htn, anticholinergic, oh, depression, sodium/water retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Avoid a)________ in pregnancy
Avoid b)________ in elderly due to OH
Black pts tend to have htn at a younger age, med for

A

a)RAAS meds
b)alpha drugs
c) thiazides and CCBs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

For prevention:
Asthma

A

ICS
LABA
Mast cell stabilizers
Leukotriene modifiers
Methylxanthines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

For acute exacerbation:

A

SABA
Formoterol + ICS
SAMA
Systemic corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Inhaled Corticosteroids
agents

A

Mometasone
Beclomethasone
Budesonide
Triamcinolone
-one
Mom,Bec, Bud tri (try)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Inhaled Corticosteroids
a) uses
b) ADRs

A

1st in line for prevention
Cough
Oral thrush (topical fungal infections)
Hoarseness

Administer with aero chamber spacer device
to reduce ADRs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

LABA
agents

A

Salmeterol
Formoterol
-terol
Vilanterol (only in combination products)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

LABA
used

A

ONLY used in addition to inhaled ICS
No rescue use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

LABA
BBW!!

A

used alone in asthma causes respiratory death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Leukotriene receptor agonist
Agents

A

Montelukast
Zafirlukast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Leukotriene receptor agonist
uses

A

2nd line
well tolerated in children
adjective therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Mast cell stabilizers
Agents

A

Nedocromil
Cromolyn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Mast cell stabilizers
Uses
ADR

A

allergy and exercise induced asthma
unpleasant taste w/ nedocromil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

SABA
agents

A

Albuterol
Levalbuterol

36
Q

SABA
uses
ADR

A

preventative prior to trigger
ex) before running
tachycardia and tremor

37
Q

Formoterol + ICS
Characteristic
ADRs

A

ALL PTS SHOULD HAVE THIS
Most effect!!
tachycardia and tremor

38
Q

SAMA:
Agents:

A

Ipratropium
Oxitropium

39
Q

SAMA:
use
ADRs

A

acetylcholine induced bronchospasm
Dry mouth
headache
dizziness
(don’t use open mouth technique)

40
Q

Systemic corticosteroids:
Agents:

A

Methylprednisolone (IV)
Prednisolone (syrup)
Prednisone (tablet)

41
Q

Systemic corticosteroids:
use
ADR

A

prevent progression and reverse inflammation
adrenal suppression, osteoporosis, htn, hyperglycemia, wgt gain, cataracts, slow wound healing

42
Q

COPD medications:
LABA:
SAMA: the same
SABA: the same
LAMA:

A

LAMA
Tiotropium - most used
Umeclidinium
Glycopyrron
LABA
Arformoterol
Formoterol
Salmeterol
Olodaterol
Indacaterol

43
Q

COCs MOA:

A

Suppress ovulation
Thicken cervical mucus

44
Q

Health complications of COCs:

A

VTE
Increased BP
Diabetes/glucose intolerance
Gallbladder disease
Hepatic neoplasms

45
Q

COC main ADR:

A

Unscheduled vaginal spotting or bleeding - most common
Weight changes
Headaches - most worrisome (VTE)

46
Q

COC
a) missed 1 to 2 pills

A

a) take 1 active pill ASAP and then continue taking daily pills
-emergency in the first week

47
Q

COC missed >3 pills during first 2 weeks of pack

A

use condoms until 7 active pills in a low

48
Q

Yasmin
Yaz

A

reduced wgt gain
7 placebo pills 21+7
4 placebo pills
Results in shorter period

49
Q

contraceptive
seasonal

A

first COC approved for extended cycles
Results in period every 3 months (every season)
Increased spotting tho

50
Q

Lybrel
uses
ADRs

A

First COC for continuous use
-result no period
Lots of bleeding

51
Q

Non oral hormonal contraception:

A

Nuvaring: same risk as COCs
Annovera
Xulane: increased risk of VTE and breast tenderness

52
Q

POPs
Agents:

A

Nor-QD
Micronor
Ovrette

AKA minipills

53
Q

POPs
how to take?

A

take pill at the same time every day due to short DOA
NO PLACEBO
Safer

54
Q

POP
3hr late

A

take ASAP
back up for 48hr

55
Q

Nexplanon

A

implanted in the arm
most effective birth control

56
Q

IUD
Mirena

A

hormonal
Thickening cervical mucus

57
Q

IUD
Paragard

A

copper
impaired sperm function

58
Q

pH control gel:
Agent:

A

Phexxi
maintains the vaginal pH of 3.5-4.5, lowers gonorrhea/chlamydia
use within 1 hr of intercourse

59
Q

Emergency contraception:
Option 1:
Agents:

A

plan B, next choice, my way, take action
ADR: nausea and vomiting
Use: 72 hrs within unprotected sex, the sooner the better

60
Q

Option 3:
Agent:

A

paragard
Use: 5 days within unprotected sex, it has to stay there!!
Most effective

61
Q

Helidac + H2RA

A

most common
Bismuth subsalicylate
Metronidazole
Tetracycline

62
Q

Prevpac

A

Clarithromycin
Amoxicillin
Lansoprazole

63
Q

Pylera + omeprazole

A

most common
Bismuth subcitrate
Metronidazole
Tetracycline

64
Q

Ulcer
What are 3 main causes?

A

Helicobacter pylori infection
Used NSAIDS
Stress related mucosal damage

65
Q

Misoprostol
a) Uses
b) ADR
c) Contraindications

A

Ulcer caused by NSAIDs Medication
a) increase mucosa and decrease gastric acid
abortion
b) diarrhea
c) pregnancy/ abortion

66
Q

Aluminum hydroxide
a) Uses
b) ADR

A

a) Neutralize gastric acid
Rapid onset
b) constipation
aluminum=constipation

67
Q

Aluminum hydroxide
agents

A

alternaGEL,
amphojel

68
Q

Magnesium
agents

A

Neutralize gastric acid
Milk of Magnesia
Mag-OX

69
Q

Magnesium
ADR

A

diarrhea
hypokalemia, hypermagnesemia

70
Q

Calcium carbonate:
a) Agents
b) ADR

A

a) tums, chooz
B)calcium stone formation, acid rebound, milk alkali syndrome

71
Q

Sodium bicarbonate:
Agents:
ADR:

A

alka-seltzer, baking soda
systemic alkalosis, acid rebound, sodium overload

72
Q

Alginic Acid
A) antacid + alginic acid=?
b) pt position

A

a) gaviscon
b) only when pt is upright

73
Q

H2RA
Agents:
ADR

A

“tidine”
hormonal with cimetidine - menstrual irregularities and gynecomastia

74
Q

PPI:
a) Agents
b) ADR
c) Special things

A

a) prazole
b) dizzy, drowsy, constipation
Long Term ADR: pneumonia and osteoporosis
c) take 20-30 min before food, decrease gastric acid the most

75
Q

Which one is decrease gastric acid the most?

A

PPI

76
Q

Anticholinergics:
Agents:

A

Scopolamine
Meclizine
Dimenhydrinate

77
Q

Anticholinergics:
Uses:
ADR:

A

motion sickness
drowsy, dizzy, constipation

78
Q

Serotonin receptor agonists:
Agents:
Uses:
ADR:

A

“setron”
chemo & surgery
headache

79
Q

Dopamine antagonists:
Agents:
Uses:
ADR:

A

Promethazine
Metoclopramide
acute nausea and vomiting, good general purpose
dizzy, confusion

80
Q

Constipation
a) fastest
b) @2nd
c) slowest

A

a) Osmotic laxatives
b) stimulants
c) Bulk forming laxatives

81
Q

Osmotic laxatives:
Agents:

A

Hypertonic electrolytes: mag citrate, mag hydroxide, sodium phosphate, GoLYTELY

82
Q

Stimulants:
Agents:
ADR:

A

Senna
Bisacodyl
Castor oil
abdominal cramps

83
Q

Stool softeners:
Agents:
Main use:

A

Docusate
Calcium
Sodium
prevention

84
Q

Diarrhea
a) fastest
b) @2nd
c) slowest

A

a) anti-peristaltic imodium
b) antisecretory
c) adsorbents

85
Q

Anti-peristaltic:
a) Agent
b) contraindication

A

a) Imodium
Works the fastest
b) <2y/o,

86
Q

Imodium
BBW!!

A

cardiac arrhythmias
if use higher dose than recommendation

Pharmacology (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions