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Final #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertension
Stage 1
Stage 2

A

130-139 or 80-89
≥140 or ≥90

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2
Q

Hypertension
First in line agents

A

Thiazide diuretics
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
CCBs

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3
Q

Hypertension
Alternative agents

A

Direct renin inhibitors
Beta blockers
Alpha blockers
Central alpha agonists

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4
Q

Thiazide diuretics
Agents:

A

Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorothalidone
Metolazone

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5
Q

Thiazide diuretics
MOA:
ADR:

A

a) lower BP through diuresis
b)sun sensitivity, metabolic
nausea, erectile dysfunction,
Set dose limit to 25 mg

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6
Q

Thiazide diuretics
Contraindications

A

anuria
無尿
failure of the kidneys to produce urine

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7
Q

ACE Inhibitors
Agent ends of?
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

A

Benazepril
–Captopril
–Enalapril
–Fosinopril

“pril”

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8
Q

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
a) MOA
b) ADR

A

a )blocks conversion of ANG I to ANG II
b)Angioedema, Cough, Elevated potassium
hyperkalemia, acute kidney failure, angioedema
angioedema
Painless swelling under the skin, triggered by an allergy

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9
Q

ACE Inhibitors
Contraindications

A

pregnancy

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10
Q

ARBs
Agents ends of?
Angiotensin 2 receptor blocker

A

Candesartan
–Eprosartan
–Irbesartan
–Losartan
“sartan”

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11
Q

ARBs
a) MOA
b) ADR:

A

a) ang II receptor antagonists
b) no cough
orthostasis

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12
Q

ARBs
Contraindications:

A

pregnancy

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13
Q

Calcium channel blockers:
Agents:
a) Dihydropyridine:
b) Non-dihydropyridine:

A

a) ends “dipine”
b) Diltiazem
Verapamil

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14
Q

a) Dihydropyridine ADR
b) Nondihydropyridine ADR

A

a) dizziness, flushing, headache, peripheral edema
b) anorexia, constipation (verapamil)

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15
Q

Direct renin inhibitors
a) Agents
b) MOA
c) ADR:
d) Contraindicated in

A

a) aliskiren
b) blocks renin
c) orthostasis, angioedema
e) pregnancy

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16
Q

Beta blockers
Agents

A

Atenolol
Betaxolol
Bisoprolol
Metoprolol
Nebivolol
olol

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17
Q

Beta blockes
which one pregnency woman can use?

A

Labetalol

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18
Q

Beta blockes
a) MOA
b) ADR

A

a) cardioselective has greater affinity for B1 (heart and kidney) receptors, preferred for HTN
b) bradycardia, dizziness, drowsiness, bronchoconstriction in asthma/COPD, rebound HTN

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19
Q

Alpha blockers
Agents

A

Prazosin
Terazosin
Doxazosin
** “zosin”**

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20
Q

Alpha blockers:
a) MOA
b) Use
c) ADR

A

a) Selective a1 receptors
vasodilation, dec BP
b) reserved for pts with treatment resistant HTN
c) first dose effect, OH, CNS effects, priapism

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21
Q

Central alpha agonists:
Agents:

A

Clonidine
Methyldopa

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22
Q

Central alpha agonists
a) MOA
b) ADRs

A

a) reduces sympathetic flow to brain
b) rebound htn, anticholinergic, oh, depression, sodium/water retention

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23
Q

Avoid a)________ in pregnancy
Avoid b)________ in elderly due to OH
Black pts tend to have htn at a younger age, med for

A

a)RAAS meds
b)alpha drugs
c) thiazides and CCBs

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24
Q

For prevention:
Asthma

A

ICS
LABA
Mast cell stabilizers
Leukotriene modifiers
Methylxanthines

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25
For acute exacerbation:
SABA Formoterol + ICS SAMA Systemic corticosteroids
26
Inhaled Corticosteroids agents
Mometasone Beclomethasone Budesonide Triamcinolone -one Mom,Bec, Bud tri (try)
27
Inhaled Corticosteroids a) uses b) ADRs
1st in line for prevention Cough Oral thrush (topical fungal infections) Hoarseness Administer with aero chamber spacer device to reduce ADRs
28
LABA agents
Salmeterol Formoterol -terol Vilanterol (only in combination products)
29
LABA used
ONLY used in addition to inhaled ICS No rescue use
30
LABA BBW!!
used alone in asthma causes respiratory death
31
Leukotriene receptor agonist Agents
Montelukast Zafirlukast
32
Leukotriene receptor agonist uses
2nd line well tolerated in children adjective therapy
33
Mast cell stabilizers Agents
Nedocromil Cromolyn
34
Mast cell stabilizers Uses ADR
allergy and exercise induced asthma unpleasant taste w/ nedocromil
35
SABA agents
Albuterol Levalbuterol
36
SABA uses ADR
preventative prior to trigger ex) before running tachycardia and tremor
37
Formoterol + ICS Characteristic ADRs
ALL PTS SHOULD HAVE THIS Most effect!! tachycardia and tremor
38
SAMA: Agents:
Ipratropium Oxitropium
39
SAMA: use ADRs
acetylcholine induced bronchospasm Dry mouth headache dizziness (don't use open mouth technique)
40
Systemic corticosteroids: Agents:
Methylprednisolone (IV) Prednisolone (syrup) Prednisone (tablet)
41
Systemic corticosteroids: use ADR
prevent progression and reverse inflammation adrenal suppression, osteoporosis, htn, hyperglycemia, wgt gain, cataracts, slow wound healing
42
COPD medications: LABA: SAMA: the same SABA: the same LAMA:
LAMA Tiotropium - most used Umeclidinium Glycopyrron LABA Arformoterol Formoterol Salmeterol Olodaterol Indacaterol
43
COCs MOA:
Suppress ovulation Thicken cervical mucus
44
Health complications of COCs:
VTE Increased BP Diabetes/glucose intolerance Gallbladder disease Hepatic neoplasms
45
COC main ADR:
Unscheduled vaginal spotting or bleeding - most common Weight changes Headaches - most worrisome (VTE)
46
COC a) missed 1 to 2 pills
a) take 1 active pill ASAP and then continue taking daily pills -emergency in the first week
47
COC missed >3 pills during first 2 weeks of pack
use condoms until 7 active pills in a low
48
Yasmin Yaz
reduced wgt gain 7 placebo pills 21+7 4 placebo pills Results in shorter period
49
contraceptive seasonal
first COC approved for extended cycles Results in period every 3 months (every season) Increased spotting tho
50
Lybrel uses ADRs
First COC for continuous use -result no period Lots of bleeding
51
Non oral hormonal contraception:
Nuvaring: same risk as COCs Annovera Xulane: increased risk of VTE and breast tenderness
52
POPs Agents:
Nor-QD Micronor Ovrette AKA minipills
53
POPs how to take?
take pill at the same time every day due to short DOA NO PLACEBO Safer
54
POP 3hr late
take ASAP back up for 48hr
55
Nexplanon
implanted in the arm most effective birth control
56
IUD Mirena
hormonal Thickening cervical mucus
57
IUD Paragard
copper impaired sperm function
58
pH control gel: Agent:
Phexxi maintains the vaginal pH of 3.5-4.5, lowers gonorrhea/chlamydia use within 1 hr of intercourse
59
Emergency contraception: Option 1: Agents:
plan B, next choice, my way, take action ADR: nausea and vomiting Use: 72 hrs within unprotected sex, the sooner the better
60
Option 3: Agent:
paragard Use: 5 days within unprotected sex, it has to stay there!! Most effective
61
Helidac + H2RA
most common Bismuth subsalicylate Metronidazole Tetracycline
62
Prevpac
Clarithromycin Amoxicillin Lansoprazole
63
Pylera + omeprazole
most common Bismuth subcitrate Metronidazole Tetracycline
64
Ulcer What are 3 main causes?
Helicobacter pylori infection Used NSAIDS Stress related mucosal damage
65
Misoprostol a) Uses b) ADR c) Contraindications
Ulcer caused by NSAIDs Medication a) increase mucosa and decrease gastric acid **abortion** b) diarrhea c) pregnancy/ **abortion**
66
Aluminum hydroxide a) Uses b) ADR
a) Neutralize gastric acid Rapid onset b) constipation aluminum=constipation
67
Aluminum hydroxide agents
alternaGEL, amphojel
68
Magnesium agents
Neutralize gastric acid Milk of Magnesia Mag-OX
69
Magnesium ADR
diarrhea hypokalemia, hypermagnesemia
70
Calcium carbonate: a) Agents b) ADR
a) tums, chooz B)calcium stone formation, acid rebound, milk alkali syndrome
71
Sodium bicarbonate: Agents: ADR:
alka-seltzer, baking soda systemic alkalosis, acid rebound, sodium overload
72
Alginic Acid A) antacid + alginic acid=? b) pt position
a) gaviscon b) only when pt is upright
73
H2RA Agents: ADR
“tidine” hormonal with cimetidine - menstrual irregularities and gynecomastia
74
PPI: a) Agents b) ADR c) Special things
a) prazole b) dizzy, drowsy, constipation Long Term ADR: **pneumonia and osteoporosis** c) take 20-30 min before food, decrease gastric acid the most
75
Which one is decrease gastric acid the most?
PPI
76
Anticholinergics: Agents:
Scopolamine Meclizine Dimenhydrinate
77
Anticholinergics: Uses: ADR:
motion sickness drowsy, dizzy, constipation
78
Serotonin receptor agonists: Agents: Uses: ADR:
“setron” chemo & surgery headache
79
Dopamine antagonists: Agents: Uses: ADR:
Promethazine Metoclopramide acute nausea and vomiting, good general purpose dizzy, confusion
80
Constipation a) fastest b) @2nd c) slowest
a) Osmotic laxatives b) stimulants c) Bulk forming laxatives
81
Osmotic laxatives: Agents:
Hypertonic electrolytes: mag citrate, mag hydroxide, sodium phosphate, GoLYTELY
82
Stimulants: Agents: ADR:
Senna Bisacodyl Castor oil abdominal cramps
83
Stool softeners: Agents: Main use:
Docusate Calcium Sodium prevention
84
Diarrhea a) fastest b) @2nd c) slowest
a) anti-peristaltic imodium b) antisecretory c) adsorbents
85
Anti-peristaltic: a) Agent b) contraindication
a) Imodium Works the fastest b) <2y/o,
86
Imodium BBW!!
cardiac arrhythmias if use higher dose than recommendation

Pharmacology (34 decks)

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