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ST2 > Week 8-Digestive system > Flashcards

Week 8-Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption

A

Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

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2
Q

Amino acids

A

Small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digest

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3
Q

Amylase

A

Enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch

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4
Q

Anal fistula

A

Abnormal tune-like passageway near the anus

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5
Q

Anus

A

Terminal end of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

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6
Q

Appendix

A

Blind pouch hanging from the cecum (RLQ)

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7
Q

Bile

A

Digestive juice made in liver and stored in gallbladder; composed of bile salts, cholesterol, and bile pigments

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8
Q

Bilibrubin

A

Pigment released by the liver in bile

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9
Q

Bowel

A

Instestine

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10
Q

Cecum

A

First part of the large intestine

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11
Q

Colon

A

Portion of the large intestine; ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments

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12
Q

Defecation

A

Elimination of feces from digestive tract through the anus

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13
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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14
Q

Common bile duct

A

Carries bile from liver and gallbladder to duodenum; choledohus

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15
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of complex foods into simpler forms

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16
Q

Duodenum

A

First part of small intestine; 12 inches long

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17
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon

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18
Q

Elimination

A

Act of removal of materials from the body

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19
Q

Emulsification

A

Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules

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20
Q

Enzyme

A

Chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances

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21
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach

22
Q

Fatty acids

A

Substances produced when fats are digested; category of lipids

23
Q

Feces

A

Solid wastes

24
Q

Gallbladder

A

Small sac under the liver; stores bile

25
Q

Glucose

A

Simple sugar

26
Q

Glycogen

A

Starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells

27
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

Substance produce by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food

28
Q

Ileum

A

Third part of the small intestine

29
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas; transports sugar from blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by liver

30
Q

Jejunum

A

Second part of small intestine

31
Q

Lipase

A

Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

32
Q

Liver

A

Large organ in RUQ; secretes bile, stores sugar, iron, vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn out RBCs, filters toxins, usually weighs 2.5 - 3 lbs

33
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter

A

LES; cardiac sphincter; ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach

34
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

35
Q

Palate

A

Roof of mouth; hard palate = anterior to soft palate and supported by maxilla; soft palate=posterior fleshy part between mouth and throat

36
Q

Pancreas

A

Under stomach; produces insulin and enzymes (for digesting food)

37
Q

Papillae

A

Small elevation of tounge

38
Q

Parotid gland

A

Salivary gland within the cheek, anterior to ear

39
Q

Peristalsis

A

Rhythmic contractions of tubular organs; stomach 0.5 - 2 hrs, small intestine 2-6hrs, colon 6 - 12 hrs

40
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat; common passageway for food from mouth and air from nose

41
Q

Portal vein

A

Large vein bringing blood to the liver from intestines

42
Q

Protease

A

Enzyme that digest protein

43
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Ring of muscle at end of stomach, near duodenum; normal closed, opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it

44
Q

Pylorus

A

Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum

45
Q

Rectum

A

Last section of large intestine, connecting end of colon and anus

46
Q

Rugae

A

Ridges on hard palate and wall of stomach

47
Q

Saliva

A

Digestive juice produced by salivary glands; contains amylase

48
Q

Salivary glands

A

Parotid, sublingual, submandibular glands

49
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

Fourth and last, S-shaped, segment of colon; just before rectum; empties into rectum

50
Q

Sphincter

A

Circular ring of muscle that contracts a passage or closes a natural opening

ST2 (15 decks)

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