Week 11 - Respiratory System Flashcards
Bronchioles
smallest branches of the bronchi
Bronchus
branch of the trachea that is a passageway into the lung; bronchial tube
Alveoli
air sacs in the lung
Anosmia
loss of sense of smell (partial or total)
Apnea
temporary cessation of breathing
Asphyxia
lack of pulse
Atelectasis
collapsed lung (partial or complete)
Bronchiectasis
abnormal widening of the bronchi or their branches
Bronchodilator
drug that causes dilation or enlargement of the opening of a bronchus to improve ventilation to the lungs
Bronchopleural
pertaining to a bronchus and the pleura
Bronchospasm
spasm of bronchial smooth muscle causing narrowing of bronchi
Cilia
thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining of respiratory tract
Cyanosis
bluish discoloration of skin caused by poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood
Diaphragm
muscle separating chest and abdomen
Dyspnea
difficult/labored breathing
Empyema
collection of pus in a cavity in the body (esp. pleural cavity - pyothorax)
Expectoration
clearing of secretions from the airway by coughing or spitting
Epiglottis
lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx
Expiration
breathing out (exhalation)
Glottis
slit-like opening to the larynx
Hemoptysis
coughing up of blood
Hemothorax
collection of blood in the space between chest wall and lung
Hilum of the lung
midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs
Hypercapnia
excessive CO2 in bloodstream
Hypoxia
deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
Inspiration
breathing in (inhalation)
Larynx
voice box; containing vocal cords
Laryngoscopy
visual examination of the voice box
Rhinorrhea
runny nose; nasal cavity filled with a significant amount of mucus fluid
Mediastinoscopy
procedure that enables visualization of the contents of the mediastinum; endoscope is inserted through an incision in the chest
Nares
Opening through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities
Palatine tonsil
one of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx
Paranasal sinus
one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose
Parietal pleura
outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall
Pharynx
throat; including nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Pleura
double-layered membrane surrounding each lung
Pleural cavity
space between the folds of the pleura
Pulmonary parenchyma
essential parts of the lungs; responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli
Respiration
process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing
Spirometer
Instrument for measuring the air capacity of the lungs
Thoracentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space
Visceral pleura
inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue
Bronchoscopy
fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes
Laryngospasm
spasm of laryngeal muscles that closes the larynx
Lobectomy
surgical removal of a lobe of an organ (i.e. thyroid gland, lung, liver)
Mediastinum
region between the lungs in the chest cavity; contains trachea, heart, lymphnodes, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes
Orthopnea
shortness of breath while lying flat
Pneumothorax
presence of air or gas in cavity between lungs and chest wall; causes collapse of lung
Pleurodynia
sever pain in the muscles between the ribs or in the diaphragm
Lobe
division of a lung
