Week 14 - Endocrine System

Question 1

Adrenal cortex

Answer 1

outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormone

Question 2

Adenectomy

Answer 2

surgical removal of all or part of a gland

Question 3

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 3

ACTH; adrenocorticotropin;secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the pituitary gland

Question 4

Adrenalectomy

Answer 4

surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands

Question 5

Adrenal medulla

Answer 5

inner section of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrin

Question 6

Aldosterone

Answer 6

hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt(sodium) reabsorption

Question 7

Androgen

Answer 7

male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; i.e. testosterone

Question 8

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 8

ADH; vasopressin; secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; increases reabsorption of water by the kidney

Question 9

Calcitonin

Answer 9

hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, decreases blood calcium levels

Question 10

Catecholamines

Answer 10

hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla; i.e. epinephrine

Question 11

Corticosteroids

Answer 11

hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex; i.e. cortisol, aldosterone, androgens, estrogens

Question 12

Cortisol

Answer 12

hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, increases blood sugar, secreted at times of stress, anti inflammatory effect

Question 13

Electrolyte

Answer 13

mineral salt found in the blood and tissues, necessary fro proper functioning of cells; i.e. K, Na, Ca

Question 14

Epinephrine

Answer 14

adrenaline; hormone secreted by adrenal medula; increases heart rate and blood pressure, dilates airways

Question 15

Estrogenic

Answer 15

Any group of steroid hormones which promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body

Question 16

Estradiol

Answer 16

estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries

Question 17

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Answer 17

FSH; secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes

Question 18

Glucagon

Answer 18

secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen to glucose

Question 19

Glucosteroid

Answer 19

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism; raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response

Question 20

Glycosuria

Answer 20

excessive sugar in the urine; typically associated with diabetes or kidney ds

Question 21

Glycemic

Answer 21

presence of glucose in the blood

Question 22

Gonadotropin

Answer 22

any group of hormones secreted by the pituitary which stimulate the activity of the gonad

Question 23

Hormone

Answer 23

substance secreted by the endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ/gland where it influences the structure/function of the gland/organ

Question 24

Hypercalcemia

Answer 24

excessive calcium in the blood

Question 25

Hyperglycemia

Answer 25

excessive sugar (glucose) in the blood

Question 26

Hypogonadism

Answer 26

reduction or absence of hormone secretion or other physiological activity of gonads (testes or ovaries)

Question 27

Hyperkalemia

Answer 27

excessive potassium in the blood

Question 28

Hypokalemia

Answer 28

deficiency of potassium in the blood

Question 29

Insulin

Answer 29

secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas; helps glucose to pass into cells and promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen

Question 30

Luteinizing hormone

Answer 30

LH; secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males

Question 31

Norepinephrine

Answer 31

hormone secreted by adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure; noradrenaline

Question 32

Ovaries

Answer 32

located in the lower abdomen of a female, responsible for egg production and estrogen, and progesterone secretion

Question 33

Oxytocin

Answer 33

OT; hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and child birth

Question 34

Pancreatectomy

Answer 34

surgical removal of the pancrease

Question 35

Parathyroid glands

Answer 35

four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland

Question 36

Pineal gland

Answer 36

located in the central portion of the brain, secretes melatonin

Question 37

Prolactin

Answer 37

PRL; promotes growth of breast tissue and milk seretion

Question 38

Polydipsia

Answer 38

increased thirst

Question 39

Receptor

Answer 39

cellular and nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited

Question 40

Target tissue

Answer 40

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

Question 41

Sella turcica

Answer 41

cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland

Question 42

Polyuria

Answer 42

increased urination

Question 43

Somatotropin

Answer 43

STH; secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone

Question 44

Progesterone

Answer 44

secreted by the ovaries, prepares the uterus for pregnancy

Question 45

Testosterone

Answer 45

male hormone secreted by the testes

Question 46

Vasopressin

Answer 46

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 47

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 47

lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells