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ST2 > Week 14 - Endocrine System > Flashcards

Week 14 - Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormone

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2
Q

Adenectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of a gland

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3
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

ACTH; adrenocorticotropin;secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the pituitary gland

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4
Q

Adrenalectomy

A

surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands

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5
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

inner section of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrin

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6
Q

Aldosterone

A

hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt(sodium) reabsorption

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7
Q

Androgen

A

male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; i.e. testosterone

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8
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

ADH; vasopressin; secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; increases reabsorption of water by the kidney

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9
Q

Calcitonin

A

hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, decreases blood calcium levels

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10
Q

Catecholamines

A

hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla; i.e. epinephrine

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11
Q

Corticosteroids

A

hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex; i.e. cortisol, aldosterone, androgens, estrogens

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12
Q

Cortisol

A

hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, increases blood sugar, secreted at times of stress, anti inflammatory effect

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13
Q

Electrolyte

A

mineral salt found in the blood and tissues, necessary fro proper functioning of cells; i.e. K, Na, Ca

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14
Q

Epinephrine

A

adrenaline; hormone secreted by adrenal medula; increases heart rate and blood pressure, dilates airways

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15
Q

Estrogenic

A

Any group of steroid hormones which promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body

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16
Q

Estradiol

A

estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries

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17
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone

A

FSH; secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes

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18
Q

Glucagon

A

secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen to glucose

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19
Q

Glucosteroid

A

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism; raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response

20
Q

Glycosuria

A

excessive sugar in the urine; typically associated with diabetes or kidney ds

21
Q

Glycemic

A

presence of glucose in the blood

22
Q

Gonadotropin

A

any group of hormones secreted by the pituitary which stimulate the activity of the gonad

23
Q

Hormone

A

substance secreted by the endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ/gland where it influences the structure/function of the gland/organ

24
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

excessive calcium in the blood

25
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

excessive sugar (glucose) in the blood

26
Q

Hypogonadism

A

reduction or absence of hormone secretion or other physiological activity of gonads (testes or ovaries)

27
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

excessive potassium in the blood

28
Q

Hypokalemia

A

deficiency of potassium in the blood

29
Q

Insulin

A

secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas; helps glucose to pass into cells and promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen

30
Q

Luteinizing hormone

A

LH; secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males

31
Q

Norepinephrine

A

hormone secreted by adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure; noradrenaline

32
Q

Ovaries

A

located in the lower abdomen of a female, responsible for egg production and estrogen, and progesterone secretion

33
Q

Oxytocin

A

OT; hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and child birth

34
Q

Pancreatectomy

A

surgical removal of the pancrease

35
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland

36
Q

Pineal gland

A

located in the central portion of the brain, secretes melatonin

37
Q

Prolactin

A

PRL; promotes growth of breast tissue and milk seretion

38
Q

Polydipsia

A

increased thirst

39
Q

Receptor

A

cellular and nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited

40
Q

Target tissue

A

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

41
Q

Sella turcica

A

cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland

42
Q

Polyuria

A

increased urination

43
Q

Somatotropin

A

STH; secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone

44
Q

Progesterone

A

secreted by the ovaries, prepares the uterus for pregnancy

45
Q

Testosterone

A

male hormone secreted by the testes

46
Q

Vasopressin

A

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

47
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells

ST2 (15 decks)

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