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ST2 > Week 15 - Cancer Medicine (Oncology) > Flashcards

Week 15 - Cancer Medicine (Oncology) Flashcards

1
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

malignant tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue

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2
Q

Adjuvant therapy

A

assisting primary treatment

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3
Q

Alopecia

A

hair loss

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4
Q

Anaplasia

A

loss of differentiation of cells; reversion to a more primitive cell type

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5
Q

Angiogenesis

A

process of forming new blood vessels

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6
Q

Antimitotic

A

drugs that block mitosis (cell division)

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7
Q

Benign tumor

A

non cancerous growth (neoplasm)

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8
Q

Biological therapy

A

use of the body’s own defenses to destroy tumor cells

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9
Q

Brachytherapy

A

radiotherapy that uses insertion of sealed containers into body cavities or radioactive seeds directly into the tumor

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10
Q

Carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor made up of cells of epithelial origin

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11
Q

Chemotherapy

A

treatment with drugs

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12
Q

Cryosurgery

A

use of subfreezing temperature to destroy tissue

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13
Q

Cystic tumor

A

mass filled with fluid

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14
Q

Dedifferentiation

A

loss of differentiation of cells; anaplasia or undifferentiation

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15
Q

Dysplastic

A

containing abnormal-appearing cells that are not clearly cancerous

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16
Q

En bloc resection

A

tumor is removed along with a large area of surrounding tissue containing lymph nodes

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17
Q

Encapsulated

A

surrounded by a capsule

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18
Q

Excisional biopsy

A

removal of tumor and a margin of normal tissue

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19
Q

Exenteration

A

wider resection involving removal of the tumor, its organ of origin, and all surrounding tissue in the body space

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20
Q

Fiberoptic colonscopy

A

visual examination of the colon using a fiberoptic instrument

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21
Q

Frbrosis

A

thickening and scarring of connective tissue

22
Q

Fractionation

A

method of dividing radiation into small, repeated doses rather than fewer large doses

23
Q

Fulguration

A

destruction of tissue by electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current

24
Q

Genetic screening

A

family members are tested to determine whether they have inherited a cancer-causing gene

25
Q

Grading of tumors

A

evaluating the degree of maturity of tumor cells or indication of malignant transformation

26
Q

Hyperplasia

A

enlargement of an organ/tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells

27
Q

Immunohistochemistry

A

localizing antigens or proteins in tissues using labeled (colored or fluorescent) antibodies

28
Q

Incisional biopsy

A

piece of tumor is removed for examination to establish a diagnosis

29
Q

Infiltrative

A

extending beyond normal tissue boundries into adjacent tissues

30
Q

Invasive

A

having the ability to enter and destroy surrounding tissue

31
Q

Laparoscopy

A

visual examination of the abdominal cavity using small incisions and a laparoscope; peritoneoscopy

32
Q

Malignant tumor

A

tumor having the characteristics of continuous growth, invasiveness, and metastasis

33
Q

Mammography

A

xray examination of the breast to detect breast cancer

34
Q

Mesenchymal

A

embryonic connective tissue

35
Q

Metaplasia

A

abnormal transformation of adult differentiated cells to differentiated tissue of another kind, is reversible

36
Q

Metastasis

A

spread of a malignant tumor to a secondary site

37
Q

Mitosis

A

replication of cells

38
Q

Modality

A

method of treatment (i.e. surgery, chemotherapy)

39
Q

Morbidity

A

condition of being unwell or deficient in normal function

40
Q

Mucinous

A

containing mucous

41
Q

Neoplasm

A

new growth; benign or malignant

42
Q

Neurofibromatosis

A

disease in which neurofibromas form throughout the body; von Recklinghausen’s disease

43
Q

Palliative

A

relieving but not curing symptoms

44
Q

Pedunculated

A

possessing a stem or stalk (peduncle)

45
Q

Pleomorphic

A

microscopic description of tumors that are composed of a variety of cells

46
Q

Radiotherapy

A

treatment of tumors using doses of radiation

47
Q

Remission

A

partial or complete disappearance of symptoms of disease

48
Q

Sessile

A

having no stem

49
Q

Staging of tumors

A

system of evaluating the extent of spread of tumors

50
Q

Verrucous (tumor)

A

resembling a wart-like growth

ST2 (15 decks)

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