Week 15 - Cancer Medicine (Oncology)

Question 1

Adenocarcinoma

Answer 1

malignant tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue

Question 2

Adjuvant therapy

Answer 2

assisting primary treatment

Question 3

Alopecia

Answer 3

hair loss

Question 4

Anaplasia

Answer 4

loss of differentiation of cells; reversion to a more primitive cell type

Question 5

Angiogenesis

Answer 5

process of forming new blood vessels

Question 6

Antimitotic

Answer 6

drugs that block mitosis (cell division)

Question 7

Benign tumor

Answer 7

non cancerous growth (neoplasm)

Question 8

Biological therapy

Answer 8

use of the body’s own defenses to destroy tumor cells

Question 9

Brachytherapy

Answer 9

radiotherapy that uses insertion of sealed containers into body cavities or radioactive seeds directly into the tumor

Question 10

Carcinoma

Answer 10

cancerous tumor made up of cells of epithelial origin

Question 11

Chemotherapy

Answer 11

treatment with drugs

Question 12

Cryosurgery

Answer 12

use of subfreezing temperature to destroy tissue

Question 13

Cystic tumor

Answer 13

mass filled with fluid

Question 14

Dedifferentiation

Answer 14

loss of differentiation of cells; anaplasia or undifferentiation

Question 15

Dysplastic

Answer 15

containing abnormal-appearing cells that are not clearly cancerous

Question 16

En bloc resection

Answer 16

tumor is removed along with a large area of surrounding tissue containing lymph nodes

Question 17

Encapsulated

Answer 17

surrounded by a capsule

Question 18

Excisional biopsy

Answer 18

removal of tumor and a margin of normal tissue

Question 19

Exenteration

Answer 19

wider resection involving removal of the tumor, its organ of origin, and all surrounding tissue in the body space

Question 20

Fiberoptic colonscopy

Answer 20

visual examination of the colon using a fiberoptic instrument

Question 21

Frbrosis

Answer 21

thickening and scarring of connective tissue

Question 22

Fractionation

Answer 22

method of dividing radiation into small, repeated doses rather than fewer large doses

Question 23

Fulguration

Answer 23

destruction of tissue by electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current

Question 24

Genetic screening

Answer 24

family members are tested to determine whether they have inherited a cancer-causing gene

Question 25

Grading of tumors

Answer 25

evaluating the degree of maturity of tumor cells or indication of malignant transformation

Question 26

Hyperplasia

Answer 26

enlargement of an organ/tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells

Question 27

Immunohistochemistry

Answer 27

localizing antigens or proteins in tissues using labeled (colored or fluorescent) antibodies

Question 28

Incisional biopsy

Answer 28

piece of tumor is removed for examination to establish a diagnosis

Question 29

Infiltrative

Answer 29

extending beyond normal tissue boundries into adjacent tissues

Question 30

Invasive

Answer 30

having the ability to enter and destroy surrounding tissue

Question 31

Laparoscopy

Answer 31

visual examination of the abdominal cavity using small incisions and a laparoscope; peritoneoscopy

Question 32

Malignant tumor

Answer 32

tumor having the characteristics of continuous growth, invasiveness, and metastasis

Question 33

Mammography

Answer 33

xray examination of the breast to detect breast cancer

Question 34

Mesenchymal

Answer 34

embryonic connective tissue

Question 35

Metaplasia

Answer 35

abnormal transformation of adult differentiated cells to differentiated tissue of another kind, is reversible

Question 36

Metastasis

Answer 36

spread of a malignant tumor to a secondary site

Question 37

Mitosis

Answer 37

replication of cells

Question 38

Modality

Answer 38

method of treatment (i.e. surgery, chemotherapy)

Question 39

Morbidity

Answer 39

condition of being unwell or deficient in normal function

Question 40

Mucinous

Answer 40

containing mucous

Question 41

Neoplasm

Answer 41

new growth; benign or malignant

Question 42

Neurofibromatosis

Answer 42

disease in which neurofibromas form throughout the body; von Recklinghausen's disease

Question 43

Palliative

Answer 43

relieving but not curing symptoms

Question 44

Pedunculated

Answer 44

possessing a stem or stalk (peduncle)

Question 45

Pleomorphic

Answer 45

microscopic description of tumors that are composed of a variety of cells

Question 46

Radiotherapy

Answer 46

treatment of tumors using doses of radiation

Question 47

Remission

Answer 47

partial or complete disappearance of symptoms of disease

Question 48

Sessile

Answer 48

having no stem

Question 49

Staging of tumors

Answer 49

system of evaluating the extent of spread of tumors

Question 50

Verrucous (tumor)

Answer 50

resembling a wart-like growth