Week 2-Infection and Immunology Flashcards
Adaptive immunity
Ability to recognize and specific antigens and mount an attack on them
Adenoids
Mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx
Antibody
Protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens
Antigen
Substance that the body recognizes as foreign; envokes an immune response
Axillary nodes
Lymphnodes in the armpit
B cell
B lymphocyte; Lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies
Cell-mediated immunity
T Cells; type of adaptive immunity; cytotoxic, helper, and suppressor that responds to antigens and destroy them
Cervical nodes
Lymph nodes in the neck region
Complement system
Proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target
Cytokines
Proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction
Cytotoxic T cell
Lymphocyte that directly kills antigens; CD8-positive T cell
Dendritic cell
Antigen-presenting cell; shows T cell and B cells what to attack
Helper T cell
Lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells; CD4-positive cells
Humoral immunity
B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity
Immunity
Body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs
Immunoglobulins
Antibodies (IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, IgD) secreted by plasma cells (mature B cells) in response to the presence of an antigen
Immunotherapy
Use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease
Inguinal nodes
Lymphnodes in the groin region
Interferons
Cytokines secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response
Interleukins
Cytokines that stimulate the growth of B and T cells
Interstitial fluid
Fluid in the spaces between cells, this fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries
Lymph
Thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body
Lymph capillaries
Tinest lymphatic vessels
Lymphoid organs
Lymphnodes, spleen, thymus gland
Lymphnode
Collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels; contains cells that fight infection
Lymph vessel
Carrier of lymph throughout the body; empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest
Macrophage
Large phagocyte found in lymphnodes an other tissues of the body
Mediastinal nodes
Lymphnodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic cavity
Mesenteric nodes
Lymphnodes in the mesentery (intestinal region)
Monoclonal antibody
Antibody produced in a lab to attack antigens and to destroy cells; useful in immunotherapy
Natural immunity
Protection that an individual is born with to fight infection; Not antigen specific and does not elicit memory
Para-aortic nodes
Lymphnodes near the aorta in the lumbar (waist) area of the body
Plasma cell
Lymphocyte that secretes antibodies; matures from B cells
Right lymphatic duct
Lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body; empties lymph into a large vein in the neck
Spleen
Organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that destroys worn-out RBCs, activates lymphocytes, and stores blood
Suppressor T cell
Lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells; Treg (regulatory T cell)
T cell (T lymphocyte)
Lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemical (cytokines) that are toxic to antigens
Tolerance
Ability of T cells to recognize and accept the body’s own antigens as “self” or friendly
Thoracic duct
Large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of the body; empties lymph into large veins in the neck
Thymus gland
Lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response
Tonsils
Masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx
Toxin
Poison; protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants
Vaccination
Exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response
Vaccine
Weakened or killed microbes, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease
Immun/o
Protection
Lymph/o
Lymph
Splen/o
Spleen
Tox/o
Poison
Ana-
Again, anew
Inter-
Between