Week 2-Infection and Immunology

Question 1

Adaptive immunity

Answer 1

Ability to recognize and specific antigens and mount an attack on them

Question 2

Adenoids

Answer 2

Mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

Question 3

Antibody

Answer 3

Protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens

Question 4

Antigen

Answer 4

Substance that the body recognizes as foreign; envokes an immune response

Question 5

Axillary nodes

Answer 5

Lymphnodes in the armpit

Question 6

B cell

Answer 6

B lymphocyte; Lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies

Question 7

Cell-mediated immunity

Answer 7

T Cells; type of adaptive immunity; cytotoxic, helper, and suppressor that responds to antigens and destroy them

Question 8

Cervical nodes

Answer 8

Lymph nodes in the neck region

Question 9

Complement system

Answer 9

Proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target

Question 10

Cytokines

Answer 10

Proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction

Question 11

Cytotoxic T cell

Answer 11

Lymphocyte that directly kills antigens; CD8-positive T cell

Question 12

Dendritic cell

Answer 12

Antigen-presenting cell; shows T cell and B cells what to attack

Question 13

Helper T cell

Answer 13

Lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells; CD4-positive cells

Question 14

Humoral immunity

Answer 14

B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity

Question 15

Immunity

Answer 15

Body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs

Question 16

Immunoglobulins

Answer 16

Antibodies (IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, IgD) secreted by plasma cells (mature B cells) in response to the presence of an antigen

Question 17

Immunotherapy

Answer 17

Use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease

Question 18

Inguinal nodes

Answer 18

Lymphnodes in the groin region

Question 19

Interferons

Answer 19

Cytokines secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response

Question 20

Interleukins

Answer 20

Cytokines that stimulate the growth of B and T cells

Question 21

Interstitial fluid

Answer 21

Fluid in the spaces between cells, this fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries

Question 22

Lymph

Answer 22

Thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body

Question 23

Lymph capillaries

Answer 23

Tinest lymphatic vessels

Question 24

Lymphoid organs

Answer 24

Lymphnodes, spleen, thymus gland

Question 25

Lymphnode

Answer 25

Collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels; contains cells that fight infection

Question 26

Lymph vessel

Answer 26

Carrier of lymph throughout the body; empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest

Question 27

Macrophage

Answer 27

Large phagocyte found in lymphnodes an other tissues of the body

Question 28

Mediastinal nodes

Answer 28

Lymphnodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic cavity

Question 29

Mesenteric nodes

Answer 29

Lymphnodes in the mesentery (intestinal region)

Question 30

Monoclonal antibody

Answer 30

Antibody produced in a lab to attack antigens and to destroy cells; useful in immunotherapy

Question 31

Natural immunity

Answer 31

Protection that an individual is born with to fight infection; Not antigen specific and does not elicit memory

Question 32

Para-aortic nodes

Answer 32

Lymphnodes near the aorta in the lumbar (waist) area of the body

Question 33

Plasma cell

Answer 33

Lymphocyte that secretes antibodies; matures from B cells

Question 34

Right lymphatic duct

Answer 34

Lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body; empties lymph into a large vein in the neck

Question 35

Spleen

Answer 35

Organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that destroys worn-out RBCs, activates lymphocytes, and stores blood

Question 36

Suppressor T cell

Answer 36

Lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells; Treg (regulatory T cell)

Question 37

T cell (T lymphocyte)

Answer 37

Lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemical (cytokines) that are toxic to antigens

Question 38

Tolerance

Answer 38

Ability of T cells to recognize and accept the body’s own antigens as “self” or friendly

Question 39

Thoracic duct

Answer 39

Large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of the body; empties lymph into large veins in the neck

Question 40

Thymus gland

Answer 40

Lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response

Question 41

Tonsils

Answer 41

Masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx

Question 42

Toxin

Answer 42

Poison; protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants

Question 43

Vaccination

Answer 43

Exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response

Question 44

Vaccine

Answer 44

Weakened or killed microbes, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease

Question 45

Immun/o

Answer 45

Protection

Question 46

Lymph/o

Answer 46

Lymph

Question 47

Splen/o

Answer 47

Spleen

Question 48

Tox/o

Answer 48

Poison

Question 49

Ana-

Answer 49

Again, anew

Question 50

Inter-

Answer 50

Between