Week 7-Nervous system/Special senses

Question 1

Acetylcholine

Answer 1

Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells

Question 2

Afferent nerve

Answer 2

Carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerve)

Question 3

Arachnoid membrane

Answer 3

Middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell

Question 5

Brainstem

Answer 5

Posterior portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with spinal cord; includes pons, medulla oblongata

Question 6

Cauda equina

Answer 6

Collection of spinal nerves below the end of spinal cord

Question 7

Cerebellum

Answer 7

Posterior part of brain that coordinates muscles movements and maintains balance

Question 8

Cerebral cortex

Answer 8

Outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter

Question 9

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 9

CSF; circulates throughout brain and spinal cord

Question 10

Cranial nerves

Answer 10

12 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to head and neck (except vagus nerve)

Question 11

Dendrite

Answer 11

Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive nervous impulse

Question 12

Dura mater

Answer 12

Thick, outermost layer of meninges surrounding and protecting brain and spinal cord; hard mother

Question 13

Ganglion

Answer 13

Collection of nerve cell bodies in PNS

Question 14

Glial cell

Answer 14

Neuroglial cell; supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses; reproduce themselves

Question 15

Hypothalamus

Answer 15

Portion of brain beneath thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temp, secretions from pituitary gland

Question 16

Medulla oblongata

Answer 16

part of brain just above spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, size of blood vessels; nerve fiber cross over here

Question 17

Meninges

Answer 17

3 protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

Question 18

Motor nerve

Answer 18

Carries messages away from brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerve

Question 19

Migraine

Answer 19

Severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache

Question 20

Myelin sheath

Answer 20

Covering of white fatty tissue that surround and insulates the axon of a nerve cell

Question 21

Neuron

Answer 21

Nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body; parenchyma of the nervous system

Question 22

Neurotransmitter

Answer 22

Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell; stimulates or inhibits another cell

Question 23

Parasympathetic nerves

Answer 23

The part of the involuntary nervous system that serves to slow the heart rate, increase intestinal and glandular activity, and relax the sphincter muscles. The parasympathetic nervous system, together with the sympathetic nervous system, constitutes the autonomic nervous system.

Question 24

Pons

Answer 24

Part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain

Question 25

Accommodation

Answer 25

Normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near

Question 26

Anterior chamber

Answer 26

Area behind the cornea, in front of lens and iris; contains aqueous humor

Question 27

Aqueous humour

Answer 27

Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber

Question 28

Choroid

Answer 28

Middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and sclera

Question 29

Ciliary body

Answer 29

Structure surrounding the lens that connects the choroid and iris; contains ciliary muscles

Question 30

Cone

Answer 30

Photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse; responsible for color and central vision

Question 31

Conjunctiva

Answer 31

Delicate membrane lining the undersurface of the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball

Question 32

Cornea

Answer 32

Fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball

Question 33

Fovea centralis

Answer 33

Tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision

Question 34

Iris

Answer 34

Pigmented (colored) layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye; central opening of the iris is the pupil

Question 35

Lens

Answer 35

Transparent biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye; bends (refracts) light rays to bring them into focus on the retina

Question 36

Retina

Answer 36

Light sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones)

Question 37

Cerumen

Answer 37

Ear wax; waxy substance secreted by the external ear

Question 38

Cochlea

Answer 38

Snail shell-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear; contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells

Question 39

Auricle

Answer 39

Flap of the ear; pinna; protruding part of external ear

Question 40

Incus

Answer 40

Second ossicle (bone) of the middle ear; Anvil

Question 41

Malleus

Answer 41

First ossicle of the middle ear; Hammer

Question 42

Oval window

Answer 42

Membrane between the middle and inner ear

Question 43

Stapes

Answer 43

Third ossicle of the middle ear; Stirrup

Question 44

Tympanic membrane

Answer 44

Membrane between the outer and middle ear; Eardrum

Question 45

Vestibule

Answer 45

Central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting semicircular canals and cochlea; contains saccule and utricle; helps maintain equilibrium

Question 46

Auditory canal

Answer 46

Channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum

Question 47

Eustachian tube

Answer 47

Auditory tube

Question 48

Endolymph

Answer 48

Fluid within the labyrinth of inner ear

Question 49

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 49

Contains a large group of nerves that function involuntary

Question 50

Optic nerve

Answer 50

Cranial nerve II; paired nerve that transmits visual info from retina to brain