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ST2 > Week 7-Nervous system/Special senses > Flashcards

Week 7-Nervous system/Special senses Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells

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2
Q

Afferent nerve

A

Carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerve)

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3
Q

Arachnoid membrane

A

Middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

Axon

A

Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell

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5
Q

Brainstem

A

Posterior portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with spinal cord; includes pons, medulla oblongata

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6
Q

Cauda equina

A

Collection of spinal nerves below the end of spinal cord

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7
Q

Cerebellum

A

Posterior part of brain that coordinates muscles movements and maintains balance

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8
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter

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9
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

CSF; circulates throughout brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

Cranial nerves

A

12 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to head and neck (except vagus nerve)

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11
Q

Dendrite

A

Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive nervous impulse

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12
Q

Dura mater

A

Thick, outermost layer of meninges surrounding and protecting brain and spinal cord; hard mother

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13
Q

Ganglion

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies in PNS

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14
Q

Glial cell

A

Neuroglial cell; supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses; reproduce themselves

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15
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Portion of brain beneath thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temp, secretions from pituitary gland

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16
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

part of brain just above spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, size of blood vessels; nerve fiber cross over here

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17
Q

Meninges

A

3 protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

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18
Q

Motor nerve

A

Carries messages away from brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerve

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19
Q

Migraine

A

Severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache

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20
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Covering of white fatty tissue that surround and insulates the axon of a nerve cell

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21
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body; parenchyma of the nervous system

22
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell; stimulates or inhibits another cell

23
Q

Parasympathetic nerves

A

The part of the involuntary nervous system that serves to slow the heart rate, increase intestinal and glandular activity, and relax the sphincter muscles. The parasympathetic nervous system, together with the sympathetic nervous system, constitutes the autonomic nervous system.

24
Q

Pons

A

Part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain

25
Q

Accommodation

A

Normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near

26
Q

Anterior chamber

A

Area behind the cornea, in front of lens and iris; contains aqueous humor

27
Q

Aqueous humour

A

Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber

28
Q

Choroid

A

Middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and sclera

29
Q

Ciliary body

A

Structure surrounding the lens that connects the choroid and iris; contains ciliary muscles

30
Q

Cone

A

Photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse; responsible for color and central vision

31
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Delicate membrane lining the undersurface of the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball

32
Q

Cornea

A

Fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball

33
Q

Fovea centralis

A

Tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision

34
Q

Iris

A

Pigmented (colored) layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye; central opening of the iris is the pupil

35
Q

Lens

A

Transparent biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye; bends (refracts) light rays to bring them into focus on the retina

36
Q

Retina

A

Light sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones)

37
Q

Cerumen

A

Ear wax; waxy substance secreted by the external ear

38
Q

Cochlea

A

Snail shell-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear; contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells

39
Q

Auricle

A

Flap of the ear; pinna; protruding part of external ear

40
Q

Incus

A

Second ossicle (bone) of the middle ear; Anvil

41
Q

Malleus

A

First ossicle of the middle ear; Hammer

42
Q

Oval window

A

Membrane between the middle and inner ear

43
Q

Stapes

A

Third ossicle of the middle ear; Stirrup

44
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

Membrane between the outer and middle ear; Eardrum

45
Q

Vestibule

A

Central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting semicircular canals and cochlea; contains saccule and utricle; helps maintain equilibrium

46
Q

Auditory canal

A

Channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum

47
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Auditory tube

48
Q

Endolymph

A

Fluid within the labyrinth of inner ear

49
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Contains a large group of nerves that function involuntary

50
Q

Optic nerve

A

Cranial nerve II; paired nerve that transmits visual info from retina to brain

ST2 (15 decks)

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