Week 6-Muscular system Flashcards
Achondroplasia
Dwarfism; inherited condition were cartilage and bone formation are defective and do not grow to normal size
Adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Lou Gehrig disease; muscles deteriorate as a result of degeneration of nerves in spinal cord and lower region of the brain (paralysis occurs)
Ankylosing spondylitis
Chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine
Arthrodesis
Bones fused across the joint space by surgery
Atrophy
Decrease in size of an organ or tissue
Bunion
Enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)
Carpal tunnel syndrome
CTS; compression of the median nerves as it passes between the ligament, bones, and tendons of the wrist
Chrondroma
Benign cartilaginous tumor
Chrondromalacia
Damage to the cartilage under patella
Dislocation
Displacement of a bine from it’s joint
Dorsiflexion
Backward (upward) bending of the foot
Extention
Straightening of a flexed limb
Fascia
Fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles
Fasciotomy
Fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure on muscles
Fibromyalgia
Chronic pain and stiffness in muscles, joints, and fibrous tissue (esp. back, shoulders, neck, hip, and knees); fatigue, cause unknown
Flexion
Bending a limb; decreasing the angle between bones
Ganglion cyst
Fluid filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons, typically in the hand
Gouty arthritis
Inflammation and painful swelling of joint caused by excessive uric acid in the body
Hemarthrosis
Bleeding into joint spaces
Hypertrophy
Increase in size of an organ or tissue
Leiomyoma
fibroids; benign smooth muscle tumor; commonly found in uterus, small bowel, and esophagus
Leiomyosarcoma
LMS; type of soft tissue sarcoma, can develop in muscle, fat, blood vessels, or any other tissues that support, surround, and protect organs of the body
Ligament
Fibrous tissue connecting bone to bone
Ligamentous
Pertaining to, of the nature of, or forming a ligament
Lyme disease
Disorder marked by arthritis, myalgia, and malaise; caused by bacterium carried by a tick
Myalgia
Muscle pain
Plantar flexion
Bending the sole of the foot downward toward the ground
Pronation
Turning palm downward
Rhabdomyoma
Benign tumor of striated muscle
Rhabdomyosarcoma
RMS; cancer made up of cells that normally develop into skeletal muscles
Rheumatoid arthritis
Chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane
Rotation
Circular movement around an axis (center point)
Smooth muscle
Muscle tissue in which the contractile fibrils are not highly ordered; occur in gut and other internal organs
Spinal stenosis
Narrowing of the neural (spinal) canal in lumbar spine
Sprain
Trauma to ligaments without rupture
Strain
Injury involving the over stretching of muscle
Striated muscle
Muscle connected to bones, voluntary or skeletal muscle
Subluxation
Partial or incomplete dislocation
Synovial fluid
Viscous fluid within the synovial cavity
Synovial joint
Freely movable joint
Synovial membrane
Tissue lining the synovial cavity, it produces synovial fluid
Synovitis
Inflammation of a synovial membrane
Systemic lupus erythematosus
SLE; chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, central nervous system, heart, and lungs
Tendonitis
Inflammation of tendon; most commonly from over use but also from infection or RA
Tendon
Fibrous connective tissue connecting muscles and bones
Tenorrhaphy
Surgical suture of the divided ends of a tendon
Tenosynovitis
Inflammation and swelling of a tendon, typically in the wrist, often caused by repetitive movements (ie typing)
Abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
Visceral muscle
Muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle
