Week 7: Tuesday 2.18 Flashcards
Quality of healthcare services:
1) What element of healthcare service quality may administrators focus on? Give an example
2) What element of healthcare service quality may clinicians focus on? Give an example
1) Structure
ex: the availability of operating rooms
2) Process
ex: the technical competence of the providers
Quality of healthcare services:
1) What element of healthcare service quality may patients focus on? Give an example
2) What element of healthcare service quality may external reviewers focus on? Give an example
1) Process
ex: personal relationships and personal satisfaction
2) Outcome
ex: the number of lives saved
National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA):
1) What is it?
2) What did it develop
3) What two things are key to the efficiency and quality of care provided?
1) Independent nonprofit (1990)
2) A general framework to assist with defining and measuring quality
3) Coordination and integration of healthcare delivery
List the 6 characteristics of healthcare quality according to the National Committee for Quality Assurance
1) Access and service
2) Qualified providers
3) Staying healthy
4) Getting better
5) Living with illness
reminder to add slide 6 chart to this deck
add slide 6 chart to this deck
1) In 2023 what % of the population doesn’t have health insurance?
2) What is the average annual cost of healthcare per person in the US (2023)?
1) 7.7% of the population (4.2% children)
2) $14,570
Monthly insurance premiums rise in proportion to wages. What does this cause?
1) Employers cut back on their coverage and shift more costs to employees
2) This is why some low-wage workers choose to remain uninsured (earn too much for Medicaid)
US healthcare expenditures increased from $27 billion (1960) to $__________ (2022). This is more than how many countries?
$4.5 trillion (2022)
The US spends more per person than anywhere in the world
True or false: There is NO evidence that Americans are healthier as a result of spending.
True; Of OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries, the US ranks 30th in life expectancy at birth (out of 49 countries)
What 3 aspects of a disease can we use to describe a health problem?
1) Burden of Disease
Occurrence of morbidity and mortality due to a disease
2) Course of Disease
How often the disease occurs
Likelihood to be present currently
What happens once it occurs
3) Distribution of Disease
Who/where/when
1) What does the infant mortality rate estimate? What is it used as?
2) What is another type of mortality rate?
Infant mortality rate
Estimates the rate of death in the first year of life
Used as primary measurement of child health.
*Under-5 mortality
1) Define intentional injuries and give 3 examples
2) Define unintentional injuries and give 3 examples
1) Brought about on purpose
-bioterrorism, suicide, homicide
2) Harms that do not occur on purpose
-MVA, falls, drownings
What is the All-hazards approach? List all 4 parts
Public health preparedness for many types of disasters (and day-to-day needs) through the use of:
1) Surveillance systems
2) Communications systems
3) Evacuations
4) An organized healthcare response
Describe the use of epidemiology to prevent injuries
1) Who?: M>F; AA < Caucasians
Low SES > high SES
2) When?
3) Where?: bikes, cars, etc
4) How?: Homicide rates in 2016 were 5-20x higher than those in other developed countries
-41% of all homes possess a firearm (US)
What should you look for patterns and connections to do when it comes to preventing injuries?
1) Suggest where greatest needs for prevention are
2) Ways to intervene to prevent the injury
What are the three “E’s” of injury prevention? Define and give examples of each
1) Education: providing info, changing attitudes and behavior
-ex: promoting seatbelt use, discouraging DUIs, promoting car seats
2) Engineering: physical envt, product design, social envt, poverty
-ex: vehicle crash worthiness, seat belts, airbags, locking seat belts
3) Enforcement [of legislation]: change behavior, environment; product design
-pass and enforce seat belt laws, speed limits, etc
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA):
1) When was it created? By who?
2) What department is it under?
3) What is it and what does it do?
1) Created in 1970 by Congress
2) US Dept of Labor
3) Regulatory Agency: Empowered to set standards, inspect workplaces, and impose penalties for workplace hazards
What was established by the same law as OSHA?
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH):
1) What branch does it fall under?
2) What is its job?
3) What type of agency is it?
1) US DHHS/CDC
2) Research, information gathering
3) Non-regulatory Agency
1) What are outbreak investigations?
2) Who handles these?
3) What is the scope?
1) Public health’s response to epidemics and clusters of acute disease
2) Handled by local and state health agencies, occasionally the CDC assists
3) Not limited to communicable diseases: Environmental toxins, food additive or supplements, drug reactions
National Incident Management System (NIMS):
1) What is it a part of? What is their goal?
2) What is a central feature of NIMS? What is it used for? Give examples
1) FEMA; goal of the integration of public health agencies to work together
2) An Incident Command System (ICS)
-Used for emergencies and planned events and enables a coordinated and uniform response among multiple jurisdictions and agencies
-ex: Olympics, state fairs, hazmat
