Lecture 5 highlights Flashcards
What are the goals of public health? (according to Charles-Edward A. Winslow)
Preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency
Public health receives ____% of the US’s total health spending
<3%
US’s individualistic, market-oriented society is an example of what?
Controversy in public health
Population health is the coordination of what 3 things?
this is important
Public health, healthcare, and public policy
What is the current American life expectancy?
77 years
Which addresses prevention, population health or medical care?
Population health
Which addresses intervention, population health or medical care?
Medical care
Differentiate between prevention and intervention
Public health focuses on prevention.
Traditional medical care focuses on intervention.
1) What does primary prevention prevent?
2) What is an example of a primary prevention intervention?
1) Exposure to risk factors
2) Encourage smokers to quit [before anything bad happens]
1) What is the key factor of secondary prevention?
2) What does tertiary prevention seek to do?
1) Addresses things once the event has occurred
2) Minimize disability by providing medical care and rehab services
Give an example of a way socioeconomic disparities can be addressed
Public Policy Interventions
Give reasons why SES can affect health
1) Access to goods and services
2) Poverty (housing instability)
3) Environmental conditions
Health in All Policies requires what?
Collaboration of sectors
(Goal: ensure all decision-makers are informed about the health, equity, and sustainability consequences of various policy options during the policy development process)
Negative constitution: Government is allowed but is not required to protect public health/provide healthcare services
True
(Due Process Clause)
1) Due process is protected by what?
2) What are the two types of due process?
1) 14th Amendment
2) Substantive due process and Procedural due process
The 14th amendment protects what?
Due process
List 4 types of law applicable to public health
1) Constitutional Law
2) Legislative Statutes
3) Administrative Regulations
4) Judicial (case/ common) Law
Local health departments (county/city) can fall under what two models?
1) Home rule (local autonomy model)
2) Branch office model
*MOST local health departments lie somewhere in between the two models
List some local health department responsibilities
1) Immunizations
2) Communicable disease surveillance
3) Inspection and licensing of restaurants
4) Environmental health surveillance
5) Coordinating public health screening programs
6) Tobacco control
7) Preparedness and response to disasters
List some state health department responsibilities
1) Collecting vital statistics
2) Public health laboratory
Licensing health professionals
Regulating health facilities
Drinking water regulation
6) State Medicaid program
7) Medical examiner
Which emphasizes individualism more, social justice or market justice?
Market justice
1) What provided the framework defining the goals and services of governmental public health agencies?
2) What is the main goal? Give some examples of the goals mentioned above as well
1) United States Public Health Service (1994) Public Health in America statement.
2) Keep the collective healthier and safer
Prevent epidemics and the spread of disease
Protect against environmental hazards
Prevent injuries
Promote and encourage healthy behaviors
Respond to disasters and assist communities in recovery
Ensure the quality and accessibility of health services
What are the 3 Core Public Health Functions?
1) Assessment [of community health conditions and threats]
2) Policy development
3) Assurance [of the provision of public health services]
1) Public Health in America statement defines how many essential public health services?
2) What do these do?
1) 10
2) Define the responsibilities of the combined local, state, and federal governmental health system.
Health surveys, health surveillance, epidemic investigations, state public health laboratories are all examples of what core principle?
Assessment
Health education campaigns and lead control programs are examples of what core principle?
Policy development
Newborn screening and follow-up programs for phenylketonuria (PKU) and other genetic and congenital diseases are examples of what core principle?
Policy development
Give some local, state, and federal examples of how policy development enforces laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
What core principle is this?
1) Local: fluoridation and chlorination of water
2) State: regulation of nursing homes
3) Federal: FDA drug approval and food safety
-Policy development
Community health centers, licensure of physicians, PAs, nurses and other health professionals are examples of what core principle?
Assurance
Development of evidence-based recommendations and research (NIH, CDC, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), other federal agencies)) are a part of what core function?
Assurance
Foundational Public Health Services can be divided into what two categories?
Foundational areas and foundational capabilities
Briefly:
1) Define foundational areas
2) Define foundational capabilities
1) Areas of expertise or program-specific activities
2) Skills [that must be present everywhere]
What primarily justifies the federal government’s role in public health?
Interstate Commerce Clause
Federal public health _______________ rests on the states’ _____________ acceptance of funding provided by the federal government
authority; voluntary
Give some examples of organizations underneath the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) umbrella
1) CDC and ATDSR
2) NIH
3) FDA
4) HRSA
5) AHRQ (supports USPSTF)
6) SAMHSA
7) IHS
8) CMS
What are two important jobs of the CDC?
1) Conducts research and epidemiological investigations
2) National leadership and coordinates efforts
Less than ____% of all health-related expenditures in the US go to governmental public health agencies
5%
_______________ works with the EPA for guidance on health hazards of toxic exposures
ATDSR
True or false: public health is global
True
World Bank & other multilateral financial institutions ________ global health efforts
fund
_______________ needs to be an everyday effort at every level
Collaboration
Must coordinate local, state, federal, and global public health agencies into __________________
one unified effort
Private organizations like American Cancer Association, the American Heart Association, the Alzheimer’s Association, the American Lung Association, the March of Dimes, Mothers Against Drunk Driving, etc, do what?
Advocate for public health policies
