Quiz 2 studying Flashcards
At what age should average-risk individuals start colorectal cancer screenings?
a) 30
b) 40
c) 45
d) 50
c) 45
How often should adults aged 40 and older have their blood pressure screened?
a) Every 10 years
b) Every 5 years
c) Annually
d) Only when symptoms appear
c) Annually
Obesity is a risk factor of developing osteo_________
osteoarthritis
What is the importance of genetic testing in early disease detection?
a) It eliminates the need for other screenings
b) It can identify individuals at high risk for hereditary diseases
c) It guarantees disease prevention
d) It replaces lifestyle modifications
b) It can identify individuals at high risk for hereditary diseases
Developing and maintaining functional ability for well-being in old age is the WHOs definition of what?
Healthy aging
What is a key lifestyle modification to prevent Type 2 Diabetes?
a) Increasing processed sugar intake
b) Adopting a Mediterranean or vegetarian diet
c) Avoiding all carbohydrates
d) Relying only on medication
b) Adopting a Mediterranean or vegetarian diet
How often should individuals over 65 have vision screenings?
a) Every 5 years
b) Every 10 years
c) Every 1-2 years
d) Only when symptoms appear
c) Every 1-2 years
When should a complete eye exam be done?
~@40
True or false: adults should have their vision screened once in their 20s and twice in their 30s
True
What does a glaucoma screening include?
Eye pressure, inspect drainage angle, optic nerve, peripheral vision, measure thickness of cornea
What screening works to reduce risks of heart attack, stroke & death?
BP
What should an 18-39 y/o have screened every 3-5 years?
BP
True or false: high BP rarely has Sx until adverse outcome
True
Give some examples of how to manage HTN
Monitor
Diet (DASH)
Exercise
Avoid smoking and alcohol
Sleep
Stress management
Medication
Give some examples abt how to manage diabetes
Glucose management and monitoring
Weight reduction
Diet
Exercise
Sleep
Medication
Mediterranean, vegetarian, and vegan diets have been seen to have a better long term effect (> 6 months) on controlling weight and______________ and delaying the need for medication.
blood sugar
Regular aerobic and resistance exercises have both been shown to help managing glucose levels as well as maintaining what?
Cardiorespiratory fitness, balance, and flexibility.
What is one recommended method to maintain cognitive function in older adults?
a) Watching television daily
b) Engaging in regular mental and physical activities
c) Avoiding social interactions
d) Eliminating all dietary fats
b) Engaging in regular mental and physical activities
What type of exercise is recommended to improve joint stability in arthritis patients?
a) High-impact cardio
b) Low-impact strength and balance training
c) Heavy weightlifting
d) Avoiding physical activity
b) Low-impact strength and balance training
Which factor contributes most to hypertension in older adults?
a) Smoking and alcohol consumption
b) Regular physical activity
c) High water intake
d) Low salt intake
a) Smoking and alcohol consumption
Why is adequate sleep important for managing diabetes?
a) It increases glucose production
b) It improves insulin sensitivity and metabolism
c) It replaces the need for medication
d) It has no effect on blood sugar levels
b) It improves insulin sensitivity and metabolism
What is the recommended amount of moderate exercise per week for older adults to maintain heart health?
a) 30 minutes per month
b) At least 2.5 hours per week
c) 10 minutes per day, once per week
d) No exercise is necessary after age 65
b) At least 2.5 hours per week
Which type of physical activity helps maintain balance and prevent falls in aging populations?
a) Strength training and yoga
b) High-intensity interval training
c) Running on hard surfaces
d) Avoiding movement to reduce injury risk
a) Strength training and yoga
What is the biggest risk factor for developing osteoarthritis in older adults?
a) Lack of water intake
b) High body weight, leading to stress on joints
c) Overuse of vitamin supplements
d) High consumption of dairy products
b) High body weight, leading to stress on joints
What reduces the risk of urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and dehydration-related confusion?
Hydration
True or false: Lack of awareness about exercise benefits is a common barrier to health in older populations
True
What can strengthen cognitive function, reduce loneliness, and improve overall health outcomes in older adults?
Social engagement
Normalization and de-stigmatization and patient support systems can help overcome what barrier to accessing regular health screenings?
Psychosocial Barriers (Fear, Stigma, or Misinformation)
What can the following factors all help address?:
Policy Change
Public Health Program
Sliding Scale Fee
Financial barriers to regular health screenings
Genetic testing, self-examinations, some available at-home screenings, and education are all examples of what?
Early detection screenings
BRCA1 detection with double mastectomy surgery can reduce the risk of breast cancer by what?
90-95%.
Who needs type II diabetes testing? Describe
1) Age 35-70 who are overweight or obese
2) Glucose test every 3 years with normal results
-for detection of pre-diabetes + weight reduction interventions
What is screened for between ages 2 and 6?
T1D
True or false: T1D is not exclusively a childhood diagnosis and not exclusively familial
True
When should HTN screenings occur?
1) Average Risk
-Age 18-39 every 3-5 years
-Age 40+ annually
2) Higher Risk
-Age 40+ with risk factors annually
Older age, African American descent and family history are all risk factors for what?
Prostate cancer
Pts with a 1st degree relative with a colon cancer Dx should begin screening when?
10 years prior to age of relative’s diagnosis
Who should start annual screening mammography at age 30?
High risk ppl
What affects more than 30 million people in US?
Diabetes
What type of diabetes may go unnoticed?
Type II
There’s ~___ million new cancer cases and ___ million cancer-related deaths annually worldwide
20; 10
What do breast, cervical, prostate, colon, and lung cancer have in common?
All have screenings
What is a major risk factor for CVD?
HTN
Long-term ___________ can lead to increased risk for heart disease, kidney failure, stroke, and premature mortality
HTN
What is the main goal of screenings?
Early detection
True or false: health screenings are diagnostic
False; not diagnostic but rather used to identify subset of population who should undergo further diagnostic testing to determine absence or presence of a disease2
Follow up with patients and use strong documentation are examples of what?
Individual strategies for health advocacy
What are the roles of health professionals in advocacy?
1) Actively support and protect their patients rights
2) Ensure access to necessary care
3) Help navigate patients through the healthcare system
by
a. Being their voice
b. Explaining complex medical bills
c. Educating them on their medical procedures
d. Ensuring they understand their privacy rights
List examples of responsibilities of health advocates
➢Scheduling medical appointments
➢ Aiding a patient in accessing financial and legal resources.
➢ Negotiating and reviewing medical bills to ensure their accuracy.
➢ Keeping notes of what happens during medical visits
➢ Helping a patient connect with support groups and other social resources.
➢ Supporting patients’ rights
➢ Assisting patients with completing forms and applications.
Active listening, clear communication, empathy and compassion, problem solving, and knowledge of basic medical terms might make someone good at what?
Patient advocacy
2022 CHCAO study: 92% of patients felt a positive impact on their _______________; 92% of providers felt advocates decreased ___________
health care; staff burden
2022 CHCAO study: 98% of providers felt a positive impact on what?
Patient outcome
Advocates work to remove barriers that may be inhibiting a patient from receiving equal health care opportunities (i.e. promoting equity). Give examples.
■ Income, language, location, race
■ Expanding insurance coverage
Leading cause of medical errors are what?
Miscommunications or misunderstandings between patient and their provider
(exs: medication dosing, wound care, provider understanding complaints)
Sanitation, proper training are examples of what?
Organizations working to ensure standards and protocol are being upheld to ensure pt safety
True or false: Patient advocates can be healthcare professionals, family members, caregivers, a friend, or even the patient themselves.
True
What does pt advocacy focus on?
Well-being of the patient
