Week 7 Flashcards
4 Major Regions of the Brain
- Cerebrum
- Diencephalon
- Brain Stem
- Cerebellum
What is the Cerebrum made up of?
- Grey Matter
- White Matter
- Corpus Collosum
- Longitudinal Fissure
Grey Matter
Cell Bodies
White Matter
Myelinated Axon
Corpus Callosum
communication between two sides of the brain
Longitudinal Fissure
Separates 2 hemispheres of the brain
Function of the Cerebrum
-Memory
-Emotion
-Consciousness
Sulcus (sulci)
Grooves on brain
Gyrus (Gyri)
Ridges on brain
Function of the Gyrus & Sulcus
-increases surface area
-divides the brain into regions
Lobes of the Cortex
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
Frontal Lobe
-Contains Prefrontal cortex & precentral gyrus
Prefrontal Cortex Function
- emotional regulation
- planning
- higher level thinking
Precentral Gyrus
Primary motor cortex (motion)
Central Sulcus
divides the frontal and parietal lobe
Parietal Lobe
-Responsible for sensory perception & integration
- contains postcentral gyrus
Post central Gyrus
primary sensory cortex (sensation)
Cerebellum
motor coordination
Temporal Lobe
-processing auditory information
-encoding memory
Occipital Lobe
Visual Perception
Aphasia
language disorder
Broca’s Area
responsible for motor speech
Expressive Aphasia
-AKA brocas aphasia
-language disorder related to speech
-cannot make the words but can understand fine
Wernicke’s Area
understanding language
Receptive Aphasia
-AKA Wernicke’s aphasia
-can speak fine but have trouble understanding speech
Diencephalon
-“through brain”- signals go through it
- contains “-thalamus”
- Senses pass through the thalamus except smell
What sense NOT pass through the thalamus?
Smell
Olfaction
- smell
- directly wired into the cerebrum
- strong association with memory/emotion
3 Parts to the Diencephalon
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Epithalamus
Thalamus
Signals filter through this area (except smell)
Hypothalamus
-regulates homeostasis
-using pituitary gland & horomones
Pituitary Glad
releases hormones
Epithalamus
produces melatonin to help regulate sleep
3 Parts of the Brain Stem
- midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla Oblongata
Ataxia
uncoordinated movements
Cauda Equina
fine nerves branch out from terminal end (L 1-2)
Dorsal Spinal Cord
- sensory information
- receiving signals
- tracks up
Ventral Spinal Cord
- motor information
- sending signal
- tracks down
Part of Peripheral Nervous Systems
- Cranial Nerves
- Peripheral Nerves
- Spinal Nerves
Gaglion
group of unipolar cell bodies
Dorsal Root Ganglion
- group of unipolar cells on the back of spinal cord
- carries sensory information
How does the Dorsal Root Ganglion carry sensory information?
- signal from the sensory receptors get sent along the dorsal root ganglion then up the spinal cord to the brain.
Cranial Nerves
-nerves attached to the brain
- not part of the CNS
Olfactory Nerve
- cranial nerve #1
- special because it does NOT go through the thalamus
Spinal Nerves
carries motor (dorsal) and sensory (ventral) nerves- connects as one
Nerve Plexus
- control specific parts of the body
Cervical- Nerve & Function
- C1-5
- Head/Neck motory/sensory
-Phrenic Nerve
Phrenic Nerve
C 3,4, 5 - keep the diaphragm alive
-aids in breathing
Brachial- Nerve & Function
C4-T1
-upper extremities
Lumbar- Nerves & Function
L1-5
-Front of legs
-Femoral Nerve
Sacral- Nerve & Function
L4-S4
- Back of legs
- Sciatic Nerve
Sensory Perception
-Brain sorting and making sense of the sensory signals
Two parts of the Autonomic Nervous System
- Sympathetic NS
- Parasympathetic NS
Sympathetic Nervous System
- fight or flight
- heightened mental alertness
- increased metabolic rate
- reduced digestive/urinary function
- increased breathing
- increased heart rate/BP
- sweating
Parasympathetic
- rest & digest
- decreased metabolic rate
- decreased heart rate/BP
- increased saliva
- stimulation of urinary/digestive
