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Intro to A&P > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

4 Major Regions of the Brain

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Diencephalon
  3. Brain Stem
  4. Cerebellum
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2
Q

What is the Cerebrum made up of?

A
  1. Grey Matter
  2. White Matter
  3. Corpus Collosum
  4. Longitudinal Fissure
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3
Q

Grey Matter

A

Cell Bodies

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4
Q

White Matter

A

Myelinated Axon

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5
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

communication between two sides of the brain

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6
Q

Longitudinal Fissure

A

Separates 2 hemispheres of the brain

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7
Q

Function of the Cerebrum

A

-Memory
-Emotion
-Consciousness

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8
Q

Sulcus (sulci)

A

Grooves on brain

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9
Q

Gyrus (Gyri)

A

Ridges on brain

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10
Q

Function of the Gyrus & Sulcus

A

-increases surface area
-divides the brain into regions

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11
Q

Lobes of the Cortex

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Occipital
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12
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

-Contains Prefrontal cortex & precentral gyrus

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13
Q

Prefrontal Cortex Function

A
  • emotional regulation
  • planning
  • higher level thinking
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14
Q

Precentral Gyrus

A

Primary motor cortex (motion)

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15
Q

Central Sulcus

A

divides the frontal and parietal lobe

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16
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

-Responsible for sensory perception & integration
- contains postcentral gyrus

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17
Q

Post central Gyrus

A

primary sensory cortex (sensation)

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18
Q

Cerebellum

A

motor coordination

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19
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

-processing auditory information
-encoding memory

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20
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Visual Perception

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21
Q

Aphasia

A

language disorder

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22
Q

Broca’s Area

A

responsible for motor speech

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23
Q

Expressive Aphasia

A

-AKA brocas aphasia
-language disorder related to speech
-cannot make the words but can understand fine

24
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

understanding language

25
Q

Receptive Aphasia

A

-AKA Wernicke’s aphasia
-can speak fine but have trouble understanding speech

26
Q

Diencephalon

A

-“through brain”- signals go through it
- contains “-thalamus”
- Senses pass through the thalamus except smell

27
Q

What sense NOT pass through the thalamus?

A

Smell

28
Q

Olfaction

A
  • smell
  • directly wired into the cerebrum
  • strong association with memory/emotion
29
Q

3 Parts to the Diencephalon

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Epithalamus
30
Q

Thalamus

A

Signals filter through this area (except smell)

31
Q

Hypothalamus

A

-regulates homeostasis
-using pituitary gland & horomones

32
Q

Pituitary Glad

A

releases hormones

33
Q

Epithalamus

A

produces melatonin to help regulate sleep

34
Q

3 Parts of the Brain Stem

A
  1. midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla Oblongata
35
Q

Ataxia

A

uncoordinated movements

36
Q

Cauda Equina

A

fine nerves branch out from terminal end (L 1-2)

37
Q

Dorsal Spinal Cord

A
  • sensory information
  • receiving signals
  • tracks up
38
Q

Ventral Spinal Cord

A
  • motor information
  • sending signal
  • tracks down
39
Q

Part of Peripheral Nervous Systems

A
  • Cranial Nerves
  • Peripheral Nerves
  • Spinal Nerves
40
Q

Gaglion

A

group of unipolar cell bodies

41
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglion

A
  • group of unipolar cells on the back of spinal cord
  • carries sensory information
42
Q

How does the Dorsal Root Ganglion carry sensory information?

A
  • signal from the sensory receptors get sent along the dorsal root ganglion then up the spinal cord to the brain.
43
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

-nerves attached to the brain
- not part of the CNS

44
Q

Olfactory Nerve

A
  • cranial nerve #1
  • special because it does NOT go through the thalamus
45
Q

Spinal Nerves

A

carries motor (dorsal) and sensory (ventral) nerves- connects as one

46
Q

Nerve Plexus

A
  • control specific parts of the body
47
Q

Cervical- Nerve & Function

A
  • C1-5
  • Head/Neck motory/sensory
    -Phrenic Nerve
48
Q

Phrenic Nerve

A

C 3,4, 5 - keep the diaphragm alive
-aids in breathing

49
Q

Brachial- Nerve & Function

A

C4-T1
-upper extremities

50
Q

Lumbar- Nerves & Function

A

L1-5
-Front of legs
-Femoral Nerve

51
Q

Sacral- Nerve & Function

A

L4-S4
- Back of legs
- Sciatic Nerve

52
Q

Sensory Perception

A

-Brain sorting and making sense of the sensory signals

53
Q

Two parts of the Autonomic Nervous System

A
  1. Sympathetic NS
  2. Parasympathetic NS
54
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A
  • fight or flight
  • heightened mental alertness
  • increased metabolic rate
  • reduced digestive/urinary function
  • increased breathing
  • increased heart rate/BP
  • sweating
55
Q

Parasympathetic

A
  • rest & digest
  • decreased metabolic rate
  • decreased heart rate/BP
  • increased saliva
  • stimulation of urinary/digestive

Intro to A&P (14 decks)

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