Week 3 Flashcards by Crystal Payne

Function of Integumentary System

Protect- bacteria, sun, temperature
Sensory- Touch (Merkel Cells); Vibration (Pacinian Receptor)
Thermoregulation- Sweat; Arrector Pili Muscle
Vitamin D Synthesis- melanin

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Connective Tissue

-Loosely packed
-Connects/Protects

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Types of Connective Tissue

-Bone
-Cartilage
-Loose Connective
-Dense Connective
-Blood

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Parts of the integumentary System

-Skin
-Hair
-Nails
-Glands

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Layers of the Skin

-Epidermis
-Dermis
-Hypodermis Technically NOT part of the skin

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Epidermis

-Outside layer of skin
-Karatinized
-Avascular
-Protects

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Avascular

no blood vessels

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Tissue of the Epidermis

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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How many layers of tissue are in the Epidermis?

4-5 layers
- 4 Layers = most of the body
- 5 Layers = palms of hands/soles of feet

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Layers of the Epidermis

-Stratum Basale
-Stratum Lucidum

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Stratum Lucidum

extra (5th) layer in thick skin

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Stratum Basale

-Where mitosis occurs (skin is made)
-BASE layer
-Contains Keratinocytes

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Keratinocytes

cells that produce keratin

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Keratin

Protein that provides toughness & waterproofing

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Two types of cells of the Epidermis

Merkel Cells
Melanocyte

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Merkel Cell

Sense of touch

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Melanocyte

Produces melanin

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Dermis

-2nd layer
-contains sweat glands, hair, arrector pili muscle
-vascularized
-has nerve endings

Tissue of the Dermis

Connective Tissues

Layers of Dermis

-Papillary Layer
-Reticular Layer
made of connective tissue

Vascularized

Contains blood vessels

Two proteins in connective tissue of the Dermis

Elastin
Collagen

Elastin

Provides stretch to skin

Collagen

-tensile strength
-resists deformation

Hypodermis

*NOT part of skin* -Keeps skin to body -has adipose tissue -connects, insulates, cushions

Function of Melanin

-Gives pigmentation -protects skin DNA

Melanocytes

Cells that make melanin *everyone has the same number*

How is melanin produced?

1. Sun stimulates the production 2. Keratinocytes signal to melanocytes to being production 3. Melanin that is produced is carried by melanosomes 4. Melanosomes go to keratinocytes 5. Melanin to skin = protection

Melanosome

vesicles carrying melanin

2 Forms of Melanin

1. Eumelanin 2. Pheomelanin

What layer of skin does HAIR begin?

Dermis

Hair Matrix

-High amount of keratin

Hair Papilla

connective tissue

Function of Hair

-Protection -Sensation -Thermoregulation -Communication

Arrector Pili Muscle

-Contracts when cold -Hair stands up = traps warm air close to skin

What turns over faster; hair or skin?

Skin

Why does hair turn white?

-As you age, melanocytes stop making melanin - Melanosomes still go to the hair but contains no pigment

Function of Nails

-Protects -Supports -Fine motor tasks

2 Types of Sweat Glands

1. Eccrine Sweat Glands 2. Apocrine Sweat Glands

Eccrine Sweat Glands

-Most of the body -Palms, Soles, Forehead -Used to keep cool -water

Apocrine Sweat Glands

-Armpits/Genitals -Thick organic compound -more susceptible to bacteria breakdown

Sebaceous Glands

-Closely attached to hair -produces oil (sebum)

Function of Sebaceous Glands

-Waterproofing -Lubricates