Week 4 Flashcards
Bone
Dense, connective tissue
Function of Bone/Cartilage *
- Support
- FACILITATE movement
- Protect organs
- Produce blood cells
- Stores minerals/fats
3 Parts of the bone
- Resevoir
- Yellow Marrow
- Red Marrow
Resevoir
Bone Matrix/Depot for minerals (ex. calcium)
Yellow Marrow
-fatty storage substance
-contains Triglycerides (TG)
Triglycerides
storage form for fat
Red Marrow
-Hematopoiesis
-makes red blood cells
5 Types of Bones *
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
- Sesamoid
Long Bone *
-gives us height
-provides attachment points for muscles
-ex. femur/humerous
Short Bone *
-provides stability for fine motor activities
-only found in wrists/ankles
-ex. carpals (wrists) & tarsals (ankles)
Flat Bone *
-protects the major organs
-ex. skull, shoulder blade, ribs, sternum
Irregular Bone *
-protects the internal organs
-ex. vertebrae/facial bone
Sesamoid Bone *
-in tendons all over body
-resists compression from muscle
-ex. Patella (knee cap)
2 Parts of Long Bone
- Diaphysis
- Epiphysis
Diaphysis
-shaft
-has yellow marrow
Epiphysis
-ends
-has red marrow
Articular cartilage
Ends of bone that is cartilage
Epiphyseal Plate
-Growth plate on long bone (cartilage)
-stops growing from age 18-21
-after age 21, epiphyseal plate becomes an epiphyseal line (becomes bone)
Periosteum
lining that covers the whole bone (besides articular cartilage)
Endosteum
-Inside of the bone
-gives bone its thick/thinness
3 Parts of Flat Bone
- Spongy Bone
2.Periosteum
3.Compact Bone
Spongy Bone
-makes the bone lighter
-makes red blood cells
Compact Bone
hard bone for protection
3 Important Bone Markings
- Articulation
2.Projection - Hole
Articulation of Bone
-where bones meet
-articular cartilage is here
-ex. head of bone
Projection of Bone
-Above the bone surface
-raised markings
-ex. tubercle (spine)
Hole of bone
-Things go through it (like blood vessels or eyes)
-ex. foramen
What is bone made of?
- Calcium
- Collagen
Collagen
Flexibility
Calcium
Strength
Remodeling *
-process of breaking down and building bone
-uses NEGATIVE feedback loop
-stimulus: stress on the bones triggers remodeling
-process is always changing throughout life
-no stress=less bone/gets broken down
-more stress=more bone
How to put more stress on bones
Exercise
4 Types of Cells in Bone Tissue
1.Osteoblasts
2.Osteocytes
3.Osteogenic Cells
4.Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
B=Build
-makes bones when stress is put on body
Osteoclasts
C=Cut
-breaks down bone
Where do Osteoblast/Osteroclasts occur?
Endosteum
