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Intro to A&P > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Two Parts of the Nervous System

A
  1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
  2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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2
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A
  • Brain & Spinal Cord
  • Dorsal Cavity
  • Cannot regenerate
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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A
  • everything BUT brain & spinal cord
  • contains ganglion
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4
Q

Ganglion

A

groups of cell bodies

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5
Q

Function of the Nervous System

A

Communication in the body

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6
Q

3 Parts to Communication in the NS

A
  1. Recieve Signal
  2. Respond to Signal
  3. Integration
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7
Q

Receiving a Signal

A
  • through sensation AKA stimulus
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8
Q

Three Parts of Sensation

A
  1. Chemical (smell/taste)
  2. Physical (touch)
  3. Mechanical (hearing/touch)
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9
Q

Two types of Responses

A
  1. Involuntary
  2. Voluntary
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10
Q

Autonomic NS

A
  • Involuntary response
  • not in control
    ex. breathing & digestion
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11
Q

Somatic NS

A
  • voluntary response
  • in control
    ex. moving the skeletal muscles
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12
Q

Perception

A

making sense of the signal going to your brain

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13
Q

Integration

A

deciding how to react to stimuli

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14
Q

White Matter

A

myelin axons

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15
Q

Grey Matter

A

cell bodies

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16
Q

Two types of Cell in Nervous Tissue

A
  1. Neurons
  2. Glial Cells
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17
Q

Neruons

A

carry the signal

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18
Q

Glial Cells

A

support the neurons

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19
Q

Convergence

A
  • a lot of connections between neurons
  • multiple pathways to do one thing
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20
Q

Parts of the Neuron

A
  • Soma
  • Dendrite
  • Axon
  • Nodes of Ranvier
  • Axon Terminal
  • Synapse
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21
Q

Soma

A

cell body/grey matter

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22
Q

Dendrite

A

receives signal from other neurons

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23
Q

Axon

A

carries signal to the axon terminal

24
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

space between myelin on the axon

25
Q

Axon Terminal

A

end of the axon

26
Q

Synapse

A

space between neurons

27
Q

Types of Neurons

A
  1. Unipolar
  2. Multipolar
28
Q

Unipolar Neuron

A
  • one process leaves the cell
29
Q

Where are unipolar neurons found?

A

In the Peripheral Nervous System

30
Q

Multipolar Neuron

A

lots of processes leave the cell

31
Q

Where are multipolar neurons found?

A

Found in the Central Nervous System

32
Q

Types of Glial Cells in CNS

A
  1. Astrocyte
  2. microglia
  3. oligodendrocyte
  4. ependymal cell
33
Q

Astrocyte

A
  • supports the neurons/holds them in place
  • Maintain the blood brain barrier (BBB)
34
Q

Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)

A

keeps stuff out of the brain

35
Q

Microglia

A

defense

36
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

makes myelin in the CNS

37
Q

Ependymal Cell

A

makes cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

38
Q

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

A

cushions brain/keeps it safe

39
Q

Types of Glial Cells in PNS

A
  1. Satellite Cells
  2. Schwann Cells
40
Q

Satellite Cells

A

Supports neurons

41
Q

Schwann Cells

A

-makes myelin in the PNS
-helps with nerve regeneration

42
Q

Myelin

A

speeds up the signal of a neuron

43
Q

How do neurons communicate?

A

Carrying an electric charge (Action Potential)

44
Q

Action Potential (AP)

A
  • electric charges carried to communicate between neurons
  • ALL or NOTHING
45
Q

How does the brain differentiate between stimulus?

A

-frequency of AP is what defines signal in the brain
- different amounts of AP mean different things in the brain

46
Q

Channel Protein

A

-helps cells cross the membrane
-not always open
- requires something to help open them up
ex. Sodium-Potassium Pump

47
Q

Sodium-Potassium Pump (Na+/K+)

A
  • pumps 3 sodium out of the cell and 2 potassium in the cell
48
Q

Acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter that makes muscles move

49
Q

Types of Channel Proteins

A
  1. Ligand-gated channel
  2. Mechanically-gated channel
  3. Voltage-gated channel
50
Q

Ligand- Gated Channel

A

-lock and key
- channel opens with specific key
- found in the synapse
- NT is the key to open the channel

51
Q

Mechanically-gated channel

A

uses sense of touch/pressure to open the channel

52
Q

Voltage Gated Channel

A
  • needs a specific voltage to open
  • -55mV
53
Q

Parts of the Action Potential

A
  1. Threshold
  2. Resting Potential
  3. Depolarization
  4. Repolarization
  5. Hyperpolarization
54
Q

How does an Action Potential Work?

A
  1. Starts at Resting Potential (-70mV)
  2. Stimulus is applied
    - if it crosses -55mV, an AP is sent
    - Sodium Channels OPEN
    -Na rushing IN cell
    - Cell gets POSITIVE (depolarization)
  3. Na Channels CLOSE; K Channels OPEN (@ +30mV)
    -K rushes OUT of cell
    -cell become NEGATIVE (repolarization)
  4. K Channels CLOSE slowly
    - gets TOO NEGATIVE (hyperpolarization)
  5. Na/K pump initiates
    -brings cell back to RESTING
  6. Arrives at resting potential (-70mV)
55
Q

Continuous Conduction

A

-NO myelin on axon
- signal moves SLOW

56
Q

Saltatory Conduction

A
  • HAS myelin on axon
  • signal jumps along the myelin & goes fast
57
Q

How Connections are made in the Synapse

A
  1. AP gets to axon terminal
  2. Calcium channels OPEN
  3. Calcium rushes IN cell
  4. Calcium stimulate NT to be released INTO SYNAPSE
  5. NT bind to ligand-gated receptor on the dendrite on next neuron
  6. Ligand gate OPENS
    -Na rushes IN cell
  7. Action Potential occurs!!

Intro to A&P (14 decks)

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