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Intro to A&P > week 14 > Flashcards

week 14 Flashcards

1
Q

What is breathing controlled by?

A

-Autonomic NS
-can consciously control your breath, but body will take over at some point

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2
Q

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

A

-in your blood
-regulates your breathing

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3
Q

Function of respiratory system

A
  • gas exchange (O2 in; CO2 out)
  • smell
  • speech
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4
Q

2 Zones responsible for breathing

A
  1. Conduction Zone
  2. Respiratory Zone
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5
Q

Conduction Zone Path

A

nose-> pharynx->larynx->trachea->bronchi->terminal bronchioles

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6
Q

Conduction zone function

A

-conducts the air
-adds water
-warms air
-cleans out debris

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7
Q

Respiratory Zone Path

A

respiratory bronchioles->alveoli

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8
Q

Respiratory Zone Function

A

respiration

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9
Q

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

A

-cells inside the respiratory tract

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10
Q

Hare Cilia

A

-remove debris
-brings it to your throat then you swallow it

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11
Q

Goblet Cell

A

traps the debris

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12
Q

Larynx

A

voice box

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13
Q

Cartilage of the respiratory system

A
  1. epiglottis
  2. thyroid cartilage
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14
Q

Epiglottis

A

piece of cartilage that keeps food out of the airway

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15
Q

Thyroid Cartilage

A

protects our voice box

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16
Q

Glottis is made up of 2 things

A
  1. Vocal Cords
  2. Vestibular Folds
17
Q

Vocal Cords

A

-a piece of cartilage attached to muscle
-air coming up from lungs cause cartilage to vibrate
-vibration causes noise

18
Q

Vestibular Folds

A

produce mucus

19
Q

How does the airway stay open in Trachea/bronchi?

A

C-shaped cartilage

20
Q

How does airway stay open in the Bronchioles/terminal bronchioles?

A

-held open by smooth muscle
-muscle dilates for more air; constricts for less air

21
Q

3 cells in alveoli (respiratory zone)

A
  1. Type 1
  2. Type 2
  3. Macrophage
22
Q

Type 1 cell

A

-gas exchange

23
Q

Type 2 cell

A

-produces surfactant

24
Q

surfactant

A

protein that prevents alveoli from closing up

25
Q

macrophage

A

-immunity
-cleans up any debris that doesnt get caught by the mucus

26
Q

What type of cells make up the majority of cells in alveoli?

A

Type 1

27
Q

5 lobes of the lungs

A

3- right side
2- left side

28
Q

Pleural Sac

A

-surround lungs
-has serous fluid
-buffer between ribs & lungs

29
Q

Function of Pleural Sac

A
  • reduce friction/heat
    -creates surface tension to keep the lungs open
30
Q

How does air move?

A

from high to low pressure

31
Q

Boyles law

A

-pressure & volume are inversely proportional
-volume goes up ; pressure goes down
-volume goes down; pressure goes up

32
Q

How does INSPIRATION work?

A

in TISSUES
1. external intercostals/diaphragm contract (creates more space)
2. Volume in lungs goes UP
3. Pressure in lungs go DOWN
air is forced IN from atmosphere
-O2 moves from high concentration in capillaries–>low concentration in tissue
-CO2 moves from high concentration in tissue to low concentration in capillaries

33
Q

How does EXPIRATION work?

A

in LUNGS
1. external intercostals/diaphragm relax (create less space)
2. Volume in lungs goes DOWN
3. Pressure in lungs go UP
4. air is forced OUT into the atmosphere
-O2 moves from high concentration in alveoli of lungs to low concentration in capillaries
-CO2 moves from high concentration in capillaries to low concentration in lungs

34
Q

Muscles of respiration

A
  1. External Intercostals
  2. Diaphragm
35
Q

External Intercostals

A

-pulls ribs up and out
-increase volume of lungs

36
Q

Diaphragm

A

-pulls the ribs down
-increase volume of lungs

37
Q

Chemoreceptor

A

-chemical receptors that monitor CO2 levels
-located in the medulla oblongata

38
Q

Vagus Nerve

A

-slows down breathing
-parasympathetic

39
Q

Where does respiration happen?

A
  1. lungs
  2. tissues

Intro to A&P (14 decks)

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