week 14 Flashcards
What is breathing controlled by?
-Autonomic NS
-can consciously control your breath, but body will take over at some point
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
-in your blood
-regulates your breathing
Function of respiratory system
- gas exchange (O2 in; CO2 out)
- smell
- speech
2 Zones responsible for breathing
- Conduction Zone
- Respiratory Zone
Conduction Zone Path
nose-> pharynx->larynx->trachea->bronchi->terminal bronchioles
Conduction zone function
-conducts the air
-adds water
-warms air
-cleans out debris
Respiratory Zone Path
respiratory bronchioles->alveoli
Respiratory Zone Function
respiration
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
-cells inside the respiratory tract
Hare Cilia
-remove debris
-brings it to your throat then you swallow it
Goblet Cell
traps the debris
Larynx
voice box
Cartilage of the respiratory system
- epiglottis
- thyroid cartilage
Epiglottis
piece of cartilage that keeps food out of the airway
Thyroid Cartilage
protects our voice box
Glottis is made up of 2 things
- Vocal Cords
- Vestibular Folds
Vocal Cords
-a piece of cartilage attached to muscle
-air coming up from lungs cause cartilage to vibrate
-vibration causes noise
Vestibular Folds
produce mucus
How does the airway stay open in Trachea/bronchi?
C-shaped cartilage
How does airway stay open in the Bronchioles/terminal bronchioles?
-held open by smooth muscle
-muscle dilates for more air; constricts for less air
3 cells in alveoli (respiratory zone)
- Type 1
- Type 2
- Macrophage
Type 1 cell
-gas exchange
Type 2 cell
-produces surfactant
surfactant
protein that prevents alveoli from closing up
macrophage
-immunity
-cleans up any debris that doesnt get caught by the mucus
What type of cells make up the majority of cells in alveoli?
Type 1
5 lobes of the lungs
3- right side
2- left side
Pleural Sac
-surround lungs
-has serous fluid
-buffer between ribs & lungs
Function of Pleural Sac
- reduce friction/heat
-creates surface tension to keep the lungs open
How does air move?
from high to low pressure
Boyles law
-pressure & volume are inversely proportional
-volume goes up ; pressure goes down
-volume goes down; pressure goes up
How does INSPIRATION work?
in TISSUES
1. external intercostals/diaphragm contract (creates more space)
2. Volume in lungs goes UP
3. Pressure in lungs go DOWN
air is forced IN from atmosphere
-O2 moves from high concentration in capillaries–>low concentration in tissue
-CO2 moves from high concentration in tissue to low concentration in capillaries
How does EXPIRATION work?
in LUNGS
1. external intercostals/diaphragm relax (create less space)
2. Volume in lungs goes DOWN
3. Pressure in lungs go UP
4. air is forced OUT into the atmosphere
-O2 moves from high concentration in alveoli of lungs to low concentration in capillaries
-CO2 moves from high concentration in capillaries to low concentration in lungs
Muscles of respiration
- External Intercostals
- Diaphragm
External Intercostals
-pulls ribs up and out
-increase volume of lungs
Diaphragm
-pulls the ribs down
-increase volume of lungs
Chemoreceptor
-chemical receptors that monitor CO2 levels
-located in the medulla oblongata
Vagus Nerve
-slows down breathing
-parasympathetic
Where does respiration happen?
- lungs
- tissues
