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Intro to A&P > Week 13 > Flashcards

Week 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the figure 8 pattern in the heart?

A
  • used to pump the blood
  • one located in the atria; one in the ventricle
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2
Q

Difference in the ventricular muscle thickness

A
  • right side is thin (goes to lungs)
  • left side is thick (pumps to body)
    -doing a lot more work, needs to be thicker
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3
Q

Function of valves

A

keeps blood from going backward

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4
Q

Septum

A

divides the heart into chambers

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5
Q

Interatrial Septum

A

in between the atrium

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6
Q

interventricular septum

A

between the ventricles

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7
Q

AV Valves

A
  1. Tricuspis
  2. Bicuspid (mitral)
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8
Q

Semilunar Valves

A
  1. Aortic
  2. Pulmonary
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9
Q

Chordae tendinae

A

connects flaps of valves to papillary muscles

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10
Q

papillary muscles

A

prevents backflow to generate tension in chordae tendinae
- prevents valves from moving backwards

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11
Q

Steps of blood flow

A

Step One:
1. Atria contact
2. AV valves open (blood going to ventricles)
3. Semilunar valves close (keeps blood from going back
Step Two:
1. ventricles contract
2. AV valves close
3. Semilunar Valve open (blood going to lungs/body)

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12
Q

Difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle

A
  1. Autorhythmicity
  2. Intercalated Disc
  3. Only uses oxygen
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13
Q

Autorhythmicity

A
  • heart will beat on its own
    -has its own rhythm; makes its own action potential
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14
Q

What is intercalated disc made of?

A
  1. Gap Junctions
  2. Desmosomes
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15
Q

Gap Junctions

A

-spaces in membrane between cells so they can share sarcoplasm
-between cardiac muscles
- direct electrical connections (no synapse)

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16
Q

Desmosomes

A

-sticks cells together
-allows them to fire together

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17
Q

Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)

A
  • sets the rhythm of the heart (AP)
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18
Q

Sinus Rhythm

A

-normal heart beat
-60-72 average

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19
Q

Tachycardia

A

HR higher than 100 bpm

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20
Q

Bradycardia

A

HR lower than 60 bpm

21
Q

How does the “LUB DUB” sound of the heart work?

A
  1. First sound “LUB”
    -Step 2 of blood flow
    -ventricular muscle contracts; AV valves close
  2. Second Sound “DUB”
    -Step 1 of blood flow
    -Semilunar valves close
22
Q

Atrioventricular Valve (AV Valve)

A

-between atrium & ventricle
-relay station (relays signal)
-allows for signal pause to let atria completely empty of blood

23
Q

2 Circuits of the Body

A
  1. Pulmonary Circuit
  2. Systemic Circuit
24
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

-Lung circuit
-pulmonary artery/vein
-goes to left atria
-

25
Q

Systemic Circuit

A

-body circuit
-aorta- majority sends to the body

26
Q

capillaries

A

site of exchange of nutrients and oxygen

27
Q

structure of capillaries

A

-simple epithelial

28
Q

Lumen

A

-big hole in artery and vein, where the blood is

29
Q

Vasocontriction

A

lumen gets smaller
ex. outside in the winter, the blood wants to stay warm

30
Q

vasodilation

A

lumen gets bigger

31
Q

Artery

A

carries oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart

32
Q

Veins

A

carries deoxygenated blood TO the heart

33
Q

Function of valves

A

-blood can only go in one direction
-stops blood from going backward

34
Q

Tunica Media

A

-where the thick muscle is located in artery

35
Q

Function of heart muscle

A

-pump blood from veins back to where it needs to be
-carries blood back to heart

36
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

pressure drawing fluid into blood

37
Q

Aorta

A

-main artery that carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body

38
Q

Coronary Artery

A

supplies the oxygen to blood to feed the heart

39
Q

Coronary Sinus

A

responsible for draining deoxygenated blood from myocardium

40
Q

Major Veins

A

-vena cava
-pulmonary vein
-coronary sinus
-jugular vein

41
Q

jugular vein

A

takes blood away

42
Q

Major Arteries

A

-aorta
-pulmonary
-coronary
-carotid (head)

43
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

pressure drawing fluid INTO the blood

44
Q

Hydrostatic Pressure

A

pressure pushing fluid OUT of capillary

45
Q

2 Sides of the capillary

A
  1. Artery Side
  2. Vein Side
46
Q

Artery Side of capillary

A

-hydrostatic pressure is higher than osmotic pressure
-fluid will be pushed OUT of the tissues

47
Q

Vein Side of capillary

A

-osmotic pressure is higher than hydrostatic pressure
-fluid is brought back into capillaries and brought back to the heart

48
Q

Albumin

A

key protein that drives osmotic pressure

Intro to A&P (14 decks)

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