Week 12- blood/cardiovascular Flashcards
Three Parts to the Cardiovascular System
- Blood Vessels
- Blood
- Heart
What type of tissue is blood?
Connective Tissue
Function of Blood
- Transportation: nutrients, Oxygen, wastes
- Defense: help to fight infection
- Homeostasis: regulate body temp, water, and pH
Parts of the blood
- Hematocrit
- buffy coat
- plasma
Hematocrit
the amount of red blood cells (RBC) in your blood
Buffy Coat
- white blood cells
- platelets
Plasma
water, protein, nutrients & hormones
Hemoglobin
most important protein in blood made by RBC
Function of Hemoglobin
- carries oxygen
-contains heme & globulin protein - 4 spots to bind oxygen
Heme
iron pigment in the blood
Oxygenated Blood
when heme is attached to oxygen it is bright red
Deoxygenated blood
- passes through tissues
- dark red in colour due to lack of oxygen
Viscous
- thickness
- blood is 5x more viscous than water
Purpose of thick blood
creates friction, resulting in warm
How many litres of blood in men/women?
Men- 5-6L
Woman- 4-5L
Osmosis
diffusion of water from high to low concentration across the membrane
3 groups of plasma proteins
- Albumin
- Globulin
- Fribrogen
Albumin
-helps maintain osmotic pressure in blood vessel
- helps bring water back into the blood from the tissue
Globulin
-make up part of hemoglobin
Two types of globulin
- alpha
- beta
Fibrinogen
helps with clotting
Where are red blood cells made?
red marrow of the bone
Hematopoiesis
-differentiation of stem cells into blood parts
-everything in your blood comes from one single stem cell
Growth Factor of Hematopoiesis
- Erythropoietin
- tells stem cells to make RBC
Erythrocytes
-RBC
-carries oxygen to tissue
-carries carbon dioxide to the lungs
-get rid of extra stuff they don’t need to keep room for protein that carry oxygen
Function of RBC shape
- increase surface area for gas exchange
- fold in half to get through tight spaces
How long do RBC stay alive
120 days
Platelets
-NOT cells
-pieces of the cell (megakaryocyte)
Growth factor of platelets
- Thrombopoietin
- tells your body to make platelets
Leukocytes
white blood cells
Function of leukocytes
-fights infection
Lifespan of Leukocytes
-minutes to hours
- makes it when the body need it; then it dies when it does its job
Hemostasis
-prevents blood loss
-stops the bleeding
Steps to hemostasis
- Vasoconstriction: blood vessels constrict; cut off the blood supply
- platelets form temporary plug
- fibrin clot formation (fibrinogen)
How big is the heart?
-size of your fist
Where is the heart located?
- Pericardial cavity
- within the thoracic cavity (mediastinum)
Artery
Carries blood away
A= Away
Vein
Carries blood TO heart
Valves
keep blood moving forward
4 chambers of the heart
- Atria (left/right)
- Ventricles (left/right)
Left/Right Atria
-receiving chambers
-receive blood
left/right ventricles
-pumping chambers
-pumps blood to the body
2 Sides of the heart
- Pulmonary Side
- Systemic Side
Pulmonary Side
goes to lungs (right)
Systemic Side
goes to the body (left)
Direction of blood flow
right to left
Step of blood flow through heart
- Right atria (pulmonary side) receives blood FROM body
- blood flows through tricuspid valve
- goes to right ventricle; pumps blood TO LUNGS
- Goes through pulmonary valve
- Left artrium (systemic side) receives O2 rich blood FROM lungs
- goes through bicuspid valve
- Goes to left ventricle; sent to the body
- goes through aortic valve
Pericardium
-surrounds the heart and creates the pericardial cavity
Layers of the Pericardium
1.Fribrous Pericardium
2. Epicardium
Fibrous Pericardium
-outer layer
-protects heart
-attaches to the body
Epicardium
-inner layer
-serous fluid
Coronary Arteries
feed the heart oxygen & nutrients
Coronary Sinus
collects blood and takes it back to the right side
Serous Fluid
-in pericardial sac
- helps cool down the heart
-reduces friction
3 Layers of the heart
- Epicardium (outer)
- Myocardium
- Endocardium (inner)
Pulmonary Artery
carries deoxygenated blood (away) to the lungs
only place that carries deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary Vein
-carries oxygenated blood back to the heart (from lungs)
only place that carries oxygenated blood