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Intro to A&P > Week 12- blood/cardiovascular > Flashcards

Week 12- blood/cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Three Parts to the Cardiovascular System

A
  1. Blood Vessels
  2. Blood
  3. Heart
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2
Q

What type of tissue is blood?

A

Connective Tissue

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3
Q

Function of Blood

A
  • Transportation: nutrients, Oxygen, wastes
  • Defense: help to fight infection
  • Homeostasis: regulate body temp, water, and pH
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4
Q

Parts of the blood

A
  • Hematocrit
  • buffy coat
  • plasma
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5
Q

Hematocrit

A

the amount of red blood cells (RBC) in your blood

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6
Q

Buffy Coat

A
  • white blood cells
  • platelets
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7
Q

Plasma

A

water, protein, nutrients & hormones

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8
Q

Hemoglobin

A

most important protein in blood made by RBC

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9
Q

Function of Hemoglobin

A
  • carries oxygen
    -contains heme & globulin protein
  • 4 spots to bind oxygen
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10
Q

Heme

A

iron pigment in the blood

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11
Q

Oxygenated Blood

A

when heme is attached to oxygen it is bright red

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12
Q

Deoxygenated blood

A
  • passes through tissues
  • dark red in colour due to lack of oxygen
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13
Q

Viscous

A
  • thickness
  • blood is 5x more viscous than water
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14
Q

Purpose of thick blood

A

creates friction, resulting in warm

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15
Q

How many litres of blood in men/women?

A

Men- 5-6L
Woman- 4-5L

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16
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion of water from high to low concentration across the membrane

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17
Q

3 groups of plasma proteins

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Globulin
  3. Fribrogen
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18
Q

Albumin

A

-helps maintain osmotic pressure in blood vessel
- helps bring water back into the blood from the tissue

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19
Q

Globulin

A

-make up part of hemoglobin

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20
Q

Two types of globulin

A
  1. alpha
  2. beta
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21
Q

Fibrinogen

A

helps with clotting

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22
Q

Where are red blood cells made?

A

red marrow of the bone

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23
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

-differentiation of stem cells into blood parts
-everything in your blood comes from one single stem cell

24
Q

Growth Factor of Hematopoiesis

A
  • Erythropoietin
  • tells stem cells to make RBC
25
Q

Erythrocytes

A

-RBC
-carries oxygen to tissue
-carries carbon dioxide to the lungs
-get rid of extra stuff they don’t need to keep room for protein that carry oxygen

26
Q

Function of RBC shape

A
  • increase surface area for gas exchange
  • fold in half to get through tight spaces
27
Q

How long do RBC stay alive

28
Q

Platelets

A

-NOT cells
-pieces of the cell (megakaryocyte)

29
Q

Growth factor of platelets

A
  • Thrombopoietin
  • tells your body to make platelets
30
Q

Leukocytes

A

white blood cells

31
Q

Function of leukocytes

A

-fights infection

32
Q

Lifespan of Leukocytes

A

-minutes to hours
- makes it when the body need it; then it dies when it does its job

33
Q

Hemostasis

A

-prevents blood loss
-stops the bleeding

34
Q

Steps to hemostasis

A
  1. Vasoconstriction: blood vessels constrict; cut off the blood supply
  2. platelets form temporary plug
  3. fibrin clot formation (fibrinogen)
35
Q

How big is the heart?

A

-size of your fist

36
Q

Where is the heart located?

A
  • Pericardial cavity
  • within the thoracic cavity (mediastinum)
37
Q

Artery

A

Carries blood away
A= Away

38
Q

Vein

A

Carries blood TO heart

39
Q

Valves

A

keep blood moving forward

40
Q

4 chambers of the heart

A
  1. Atria (left/right)
  2. Ventricles (left/right)
41
Q

Left/Right Atria

A

-receiving chambers
-receive blood

42
Q

left/right ventricles

A

-pumping chambers
-pumps blood to the body

43
Q

2 Sides of the heart

A
  1. Pulmonary Side
  2. Systemic Side
44
Q

Pulmonary Side

A

goes to lungs (right)

45
Q

Systemic Side

A

goes to the body (left)

46
Q

Direction of blood flow

A

right to left

47
Q

Step of blood flow through heart

A
  1. Right atria (pulmonary side) receives blood FROM body
  2. blood flows through tricuspid valve
  3. goes to right ventricle; pumps blood TO LUNGS
  4. Goes through pulmonary valve
  5. Left artrium (systemic side) receives O2 rich blood FROM lungs
  6. goes through bicuspid valve
  7. Goes to left ventricle; sent to the body
  8. goes through aortic valve
48
Q

Pericardium

A

-surrounds the heart and creates the pericardial cavity

49
Q

Layers of the Pericardium

A

1.Fribrous Pericardium
2. Epicardium

50
Q

Fibrous Pericardium

A

-outer layer
-protects heart
-attaches to the body

51
Q

Epicardium

A

-inner layer
-serous fluid

52
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

feed the heart oxygen & nutrients

53
Q

Coronary Sinus

A

collects blood and takes it back to the right side

54
Q

Serous Fluid

A

-in pericardial sac
- helps cool down the heart
-reduces friction

55
Q

3 Layers of the heart

A
  1. Epicardium (outer)
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium (inner)
56
Q

Pulmonary Artery

A

carries deoxygenated blood (away) to the lungs
only place that carries deoxygenated blood

57
Q

Pulmonary Vein

A

-carries oxygenated blood back to the heart (from lungs)
only place that carries oxygenated blood

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