- Transportation: nutrients, Oxygen, wastes - Defense: help to fight infection - Homeostasis: regulate body temp, water, and pH

- Hematocrit - buffy coat - plasma

- white blood cells - platelets

- passes through tissues - dark red in colour due to lack of oxygen

- thickness - blood is 5x more viscous than water

Week 12- blood/cardiovascular Flashcards by Crystal Payne

Three Parts to the Cardiovascular System

Blood Vessels
Blood
Heart

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What type of tissue is blood?

Connective Tissue

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Function of Blood

Transportation: nutrients, Oxygen, wastes
Defense: help to fight infection
Homeostasis: regulate body temp, water, and pH

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Parts of the blood

Hematocrit
buffy coat
plasma

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Hematocrit

the amount of red blood cells (RBC) in your blood

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Buffy Coat

white blood cells
platelets

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Plasma

water, protein, nutrients & hormones

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Hemoglobin

most important protein in blood made by RBC

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Function of Hemoglobin

carries oxygen
-contains heme & globulin protein
4 spots to bind oxygen

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Heme

iron pigment in the blood

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Oxygenated Blood

when heme is attached to oxygen it is bright red

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Deoxygenated blood

passes through tissues
dark red in colour due to lack of oxygen

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Viscous

thickness
blood is 5x more viscous than water

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Purpose of thick blood

creates friction, resulting in warm

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How many litres of blood in men/women?

Men- 5-6L
Woman- 4-5L

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Osmosis

diffusion of water from high to low concentration across the membrane

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3 groups of plasma proteins

Albumin
Globulin
Fribrogen

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Albumin

-helps maintain osmotic pressure in blood vessel
- helps bring water back into the blood from the tissue

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Globulin

-make up part of hemoglobin

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Two types of globulin

alpha
beta

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Fibrinogen

helps with clotting

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Where are red blood cells made?

red marrow of the bone

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Hematopoiesis

-differentiation of stem cells into blood parts
-everything in your blood comes from one single stem cell

Growth Factor of Hematopoiesis

Erythropoietin
tells stem cells to make RBC

Erythrocytes

-RBC -carries oxygen to tissue -carries carbon dioxide to the lungs -get rid of extra stuff they don't need to keep room for protein that carry oxygen

Function of RBC shape

- increase surface area for gas exchange - fold in half to get through tight spaces

How long do RBC stay alive

120 days

Platelets

-NOT cells -pieces of the cell (megakaryocyte)

Growth factor of platelets

- Thrombopoietin - tells your body to make platelets

Leukocytes

white blood cells

Function of leukocytes

-fights infection

Lifespan of Leukocytes

-minutes to hours - makes it when the body need it; then it dies when it does its job

Hemostasis

-prevents blood loss -stops the bleeding

Steps to hemostasis

1. Vasoconstriction: blood vessels constrict; cut off the blood supply 2. platelets form temporary plug 3. fibrin clot formation (fibrinogen)

How big is the heart?

-size of your fist

Where is the heart located?

- Pericardial cavity - within the thoracic cavity (mediastinum)

Artery

Carries blood away A= Away

Vein

Carries blood TO heart

Valves

keep blood moving forward

4 chambers of the heart

1. Atria (left/right) 2. Ventricles (left/right)

Left/Right Atria

-receiving chambers -receive blood

left/right ventricles

-pumping chambers -pumps blood to the body

2 Sides of the heart

1. Pulmonary Side 2. Systemic Side

Pulmonary Side

goes to lungs (right)

Systemic Side

goes to the body (left)

Direction of blood flow

right to left

Step of blood flow through heart

1. Right atria (pulmonary side) receives blood FROM body 2. blood flows through tricuspid valve 3. goes to right ventricle; pumps blood TO LUNGS 4. Goes through pulmonary valve 5. Left artrium (systemic side) receives O2 rich blood FROM lungs 6. goes through bicuspid valve 7. Goes to left ventricle; sent to the body 8. goes through aortic valve

Pericardium

-surrounds the heart and creates the pericardial cavity

Layers of the Pericardium

1.Fribrous Pericardium 2. Epicardium

Fibrous Pericardium

-outer layer -protects heart -attaches to the body

Epicardium

-inner layer -serous fluid

Coronary Arteries

feed the heart oxygen & nutrients

Coronary Sinus

collects blood and takes it back to the right side

Serous Fluid

-in pericardial sac - helps cool down the heart -reduces friction

3 Layers of the heart

1. Epicardium (outer) 2. Myocardium 3. Endocardium (inner)

Pulmonary Artery

carries deoxygenated blood (away) to the lungs *only place that carries deoxygenated blood*

Pulmonary Vein

-carries oxygenated blood back to the heart (from lungs) *only place that carries oxygenated blood*