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Intro to A&P > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cell

A

smallest LIVING unit

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2
Q

Intracellular Fluid

A

-Fluid inside the cell
-40% of water in the body
-HIGH Protein
-HIGH Potassium

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3
Q

Extracellular Fluid

A

-Fluid outside the cell
-Consists of Interstitial Fluid & intravascular fluid

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4
Q

Interstitial Fluid

A

-AKA Interstitium
-Fluid between cells
-LOW Water
-HIGH Sodium
-LOW Protein

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5
Q

Intravascular Fluid

A

-Fluid inside a vessel
-Plasma
-HIGH Sodium
-LOW Protein

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6
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid that transports/carries blood cells

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7
Q

Phospholipid Structure

A

Hydrophilic side = Head
Hydrophobic side = Tails

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8
Q

Diffusion

A

movement of a substance across the membrane

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9
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

-Substance comes into the cell with the help of a channel protein
-Does NOT need energy

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10
Q

Osmosis

A

-Diffusion of water through the membrane down its concentration gradient
- Water is polar = needs channel proteins

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11
Q

What happens when you put a cell in a HYPERtonic solution?

A

-Hypertonic NEEDS water
-Cell loses water and shrivels up
-Solution sucks the water out

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12
Q

What happens when you put a cell in a HYPOtonic solution?

A

-Hypotonic GIVES water
- Cell absorbs water then grows/swells up and can break

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13
Q

What happens when you put a cell in an ISOtonic solution?

A

-Isotonic has equal concentration
-Cell does not gain or lose water

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14
Q

Active Transport

A

A=ATP
- NEEDS energy (ATP) to work
ex. sodium/potassium pump

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15
Q

Endocytosis

A

-Bring things into the cell
-Active Transport
-Needs energy

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16
Q

Pinocytosis

A

-Takes in SMALL things
-Non-Selective

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17
Q

Receptor-Mediated

A

-Lock & Key System
- Selective
- If a substance has the key to the receptor a gate can open

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18
Q

Exocytosis

A

-Pushing things OUT of the cell
-Needs Energy

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19
Q

Parts of the Human Cell

A

-Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Golgi Apparatus
-Mitochondrion
-Cytoskeleton
-Nucleus

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20
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A
  1. Rough ER
    • Studs (Ribosomes)
    • Helps make protein
      -protein comes from RNA
  2. Smooth ER
    -makes lipids
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21
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

-protects/supports the cell
-helps with movement

22
Q

Two Phases of the Cell Cycle

A
  1. Mitosis
  2. Interphase
23
Q

Mitosis

A

Cell Devision

24
Q

Interphase

A

-cell growth/function

25
Tissue
Specific cells that form a function
26
Histology
Study of tissues
27
Epithelial Tissues
-Covering/lining -1st line of defence
28
Epithelial Shapes
-Squamous (flat/thin) -Cuboidal (square) -Columnar (Tall)
29
Epithelial Layers
-Simple (1 layer) -Stratified (Several Layers)
30
Phospholipid Bilayer
-Makes up the cell membrane -contains lots of proteins -Protein in bilayer help with cell function
31
Concentration Gradient
-Diffusion from HIGH to LOW concentration -No energy required -substance is small/nonpolar
32
3 Forms of Endocytosis
1. Phagocytosis 2. Pinocytosis 3. Receptor Mediated
33
Phagocytosis
-Brings in BIG things and breaks them up -Non-Selective -Bodies defence
34
Golgi Apparatus
-Proteins and other products of ER are sent here -Organizes, Modifies, Packages, and Tags them
35
Lysosome
proteins in a vesicle
36
Mitochondrion
-energy conversion factory -ATP is made here
37
3 Parts of the Cytoskeleton
1. Microtubules 2. Microfilaments 3. Intermediate Filaments
38
Nucleus
-Contains DNA -Replication of DNA occurs here -Control centre of cell
39
DNA Replication consists of:
-Semi-conservative -Transcription -Translation
40
Semi-Conservative
-DNA keeps part of itself -Keeps the right side; Replicates the Left
41
Transcription
Process of making mRNA from DNA *occurs in the Nucleus*
42
Translation
Process of making proteins from mRNA *Occurs in Rough ER/Cytoplasm*
43
Process of DNA to Protein
1. Transcription in nucleus produces mRNA 2. mRNA modified and sent to cytoplasm 3. Translation of mRNA; Transcript is decoded into a protein
44
4 Types of Tissues
1. Epithelial Tissue 2. Connective Tissue 3. Muscle Tissue 4. Nervous Tissue
45
Function of Epithelial Tissue
1. First line of defense 2. Controls Permeability (absorb/release) 3. Provide Sensation 4. Produce Specialized Secretions
46
Squamous Epithelium
-Simple: Exchange/Absorption -Stratified: Where friction is common
47
Cuboidal Epithelium
-Simple: Lines glands/ducts -Stratified: rare/ protects sweat glands
48
Columnar Epithelium
-Simple: Digestive System/ Has Microvilli -Pseudostratified: in respiratory tract (1 layer); has cilia -Stratified: found in the mouth (2 layers); saliva glands
49
Microvilli
-Projects on columnar cells -Helps absorb food
50
Cilia
-Projections on cells -Found in breathing tract -moves mucus to throat & swallow -moves debris out of tract

Intro to A&P (14 decks)

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