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Intro to A&P > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cell

A

smallest LIVING unit

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2
Q

Intracellular Fluid

A

-Fluid inside the cell
-40% of water in the body
-HIGH Protein
-HIGH Potassium

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3
Q

Extracellular Fluid

A

-Fluid outside the cell
-Consists of Interstitial Fluid & intravascular fluid

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4
Q

Interstitial Fluid

A

-AKA Interstitium
-Fluid between cells
-LOW Water
-HIGH Sodium
-LOW Protein

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5
Q

Intravascular Fluid

A

-Fluid inside a vessel
-Plasma
-HIGH Sodium
-LOW Protein

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6
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid that transports/carries blood cells

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7
Q

Phospholipid Structure

A

Hydrophilic side = Head
Hydrophobic side = Tails

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8
Q

Diffusion

A

movement of a substance across the membrane

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9
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

-Substance comes into the cell with the help of a channel protein
-Does NOT need energy

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10
Q

Osmosis

A

-Diffusion of water through the membrane down its concentration gradient
- Water is polar = needs channel proteins

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11
Q

What happens when you put a cell in a HYPERtonic solution?

A

-Hypertonic NEEDS water
-Cell loses water and shrivels up
-Solution sucks the water out

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12
Q

What happens when you put a cell in a HYPOtonic solution?

A

-Hypotonic GIVES water
- Cell absorbs water then grows/swells up and can break

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13
Q

What happens when you put a cell in an ISOtonic solution?

A

-Isotonic has equal concentration
-Cell does not gain or lose water

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14
Q

Active Transport

A

A=ATP
- NEEDS energy (ATP) to work
ex. sodium/potassium pump

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15
Q

Endocytosis

A

-Bring things into the cell
-Active Transport
-Needs energy

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16
Q

Pinocytosis

A

-Takes in SMALL things
-Non-Selective

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17
Q

Receptor-Mediated

A

-Lock & Key System
- Selective
- If a substance has the key to the receptor a gate can open

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18
Q

Exocytosis

A

-Pushing things OUT of the cell
-Needs Energy

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19
Q

Parts of the Human Cell

A

-Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Golgi Apparatus
-Mitochondrion
-Cytoskeleton
-Nucleus

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20
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A
  1. Rough ER
    • Studs (Ribosomes)
    • Helps make protein
      -protein comes from RNA
  2. Smooth ER
    -makes lipids
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21
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

-protects/supports the cell
-helps with movement

22
Q

Two Phases of the Cell Cycle

A
  1. Mitosis
  2. Interphase
23
Q

Mitosis

A

Cell Devision

24
Q

Interphase

A

-cell growth/function

25
Q

Tissue

A

Specific cells that form a function

26
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues

27
Q

Epithelial Tissues

A

-Covering/lining
-1st line of defence

28
Q

Epithelial Shapes

A

-Squamous (flat/thin)
-Cuboidal (square)
-Columnar (Tall)

29
Q

Epithelial Layers

A

-Simple (1 layer)
-Stratified (Several Layers)

30
Q

Phospholipid Bilayer

A

-Makes up the cell membrane
-contains lots of proteins
-Protein in bilayer help with cell function

31
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

-Diffusion from HIGH to LOW concentration
-No energy required
-substance is small/nonpolar

32
Q

3 Forms of Endocytosis

A
  1. Phagocytosis
  2. Pinocytosis
  3. Receptor Mediated
33
Q

Phagocytosis

A

-Brings in BIG things and breaks them up
-Non-Selective
-Bodies defence

34
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

-Proteins and other products of ER are sent here
-Organizes, Modifies, Packages, and Tags them

35
Q

Lysosome

A

proteins in a vesicle

36
Q

Mitochondrion

A

-energy conversion factory
-ATP is made here

37
Q

3 Parts of the Cytoskeleton

A
  1. Microtubules
  2. Microfilaments
  3. Intermediate Filaments
38
Q

Nucleus

A

-Contains DNA
-Replication of DNA occurs here
-Control centre of cell

39
Q

DNA Replication consists of:

A

-Semi-conservative
-Transcription
-Translation

40
Q

Semi-Conservative

A

-DNA keeps part of itself
-Keeps the right side; Replicates the Left

41
Q

Transcription

A

Process of making mRNA from DNA
occurs in the Nucleus

42
Q

Translation

A

Process of making proteins from mRNA
Occurs in Rough ER/Cytoplasm

43
Q

Process of DNA to Protein

A
  1. Transcription in nucleus produces mRNA
  2. mRNA modified and sent to cytoplasm
  3. Translation of mRNA; Transcript is decoded into a protein
44
Q

4 Types of Tissues

A
  1. Epithelial Tissue
  2. Connective Tissue
  3. Muscle Tissue
  4. Nervous Tissue
45
Q

Function of Epithelial Tissue

A
  1. First line of defense
  2. Controls Permeability (absorb/release)
  3. Provide Sensation
  4. Produce Specialized Secretions
46
Q

Squamous Epithelium

A

-Simple: Exchange/Absorption
-Stratified: Where friction is common

47
Q

Cuboidal Epithelium

A

-Simple: Lines glands/ducts
-Stratified: rare/ protects sweat glands

48
Q

Columnar Epithelium

A

-Simple: Digestive System/ Has Microvilli
-Pseudostratified: in respiratory tract (1 layer); has cilia
-Stratified: found in the mouth (2 layers); saliva glands

49
Q

Microvilli

A

-Projects on columnar cells
-Helps absorb food

50
Q

Cilia

A

-Projections on cells
-Found in breathing tract
-moves mucus to throat & swallow
-moves debris out of tract

Intro to A&P (14 decks)

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