Week 10 Flashcards
Origin
-Where muscles start
-does not move/stays in place
Insertion
-Where muscles attach
-part that moves
Tendons
used to attach muscles to bones
Ligaments
Attaches bone to bone
Prime Mover
-main mover of the joint
-ex. bicep
Synergist
-Supports the movement
-ex. brachialis/brachioradialis
2 types of muscle contractions
- isotonic contraction
- isometric contraction
Isotonic contraction
movement under load
2 types of isotonic contraction
- concentric
- eccentric
Concentric Contraction
shortening under load
Eccentric Contraction
lengthening under load
isometric contraction
-length stays the same
-no movement
-ex. holding a weight still
Exercises after acute injury
-Start with ISOMETRIC exercises
-allows you to isolate muscle without putting stress on the joint
-Follow with CONCENTRIC exercises
-easier on muscle
-then, ECCENTRIC exercises
Perimysium
-bundles of muscle fibres
-orientation of bundles gives the muscle function
7 Muscle Shapes/Fibre Alignment
- Circular
- Convergent
- Unipennate
- Bipennate
- Multipennate
- Parallel (non-fusiform)
- Parallel Fusiform
Circular Fibre Alignment
-arranged in a circle
-when they contract, they close an opening
- ex. Orbicularis Oris (kissing muscle)
Convergent Fibre Alignment
-originates over a large area
-inserts at a small point
- ex. pectoralis major
Bipennate Fiber Alignment
-muscle attaches to both sides of the tendon
-ex. rectus femoris
Unipennate Fiber Alignment
-muscle attaches to one side of the tendon
-ex. extensor digitorum
Multipennate Fiber Alignment
- Muscles attach to 3 sides of tendon
- ex. deltoid (3 shoulder muscles)
Parallel (non-fusiform) Fiber Alignment
-most common
-contracts in line with the tendon
- sartorius
Parallel fusiform Fiber Alignment
-muscle bulges in the middle
- biceps brachii
Where do muscles of the face insert?
the skin
Mastication
chewing
Prime move for chewing
masseter
Synergist mover for chewing
-temporalis
Movements of the shoulder
- Elevation (up)
- Depression (down)
- Retraction (back)
- Protraction (forward)
Parts of trapezius muscle and their movement
- upper traps: elevate
- middle traps: retract
- lower traps: depress
4 layers of abdominals (superficial to deep)
- Rectis Abdominis
- External Oblique
- Internal Oblique
- Transverse Abdominous
Linea Alba
-line of facia in middle of abs
-separates in pregnancy
Where do Rectis Abdominis attach?
-linea alba
