week 6- foot and ankle Flashcards
where is the medial malleolus located
on the tibia, inferiorly and medially it is a lump (ankle)
where is the lateral malleolus located
laterally and inferiorly on the fibula. ankle bump
name the heel bone
calcaneus
what type of joint is the ankle
hinge joint
what typee of movement does the hinge ankle joint allow
dorsi flexion
plantar flexion
inversion
eversion
Where does the Achilles tendon insert
Calcaneus bone
What does the tibia articulate with in the ankle
Tailless
What bones for the ankle hing joiny
Tibia
Tailless
Describe eversion
Rotating foot down and in, lateral ankle moves up
Name the bone anterior to the talus
Navicular
Where is cuboid bone located
Laterally on the foot next to the cuneiforms
How many cuneiform bones are there
3
Name the cuneiform bones
Cuneiform 1 /2/3
What is located on the navicular bone
Tuberosity , laterally on the lateral side on the foot
What is on the cuboid bone
Tuberosity
What are attached to the metatarsals
Phalanges
How many arches are in the foot
3
What is the highest arch of the foot
Medial longtitudinal arch
Name the 3 arches of the foot
Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch, laterally on middle of foot
Transverse arch (under metatarsals)
What is the importance of the foot arches
Slow the rate in which the force is transferred from the foot into the ground
- shock absorb
- allows energy to be returned to foot (efficiency of movement)
Name the joints in the foot
Tibiotalar joint
Subtalar joint
Describe the tibiotalar joint
Articulation of tibia and talus
Mortis joint
Flexion - dorsi and plantat
Describe the subtalar joint
Articulation of Talus and Calcaneus
Synovial plane joint
Inversion and eversion
What ligaments prevent over movement of ankle joints
Anterior talofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneifibular ligament
Deltoid ligament
Where is the anterior talofibular ligament located
Anteriorly on the foot, connecting talus to fibular
Function of anterior talofibular ligament
resists anterior translation of foot on tibia
Resists inversion in plantar Flexion
Function of posterior talofibular ligament and location
posterior on talus to fibular
Prevents posterior translation of foot on tibia
Prevents rotatory subluxation of talus
Function and location of calcaneofibular ligament
Calcaneus to fibular (on side of foot medially)
Limit inversion in neutral or dorsi Flexion
Function and location of CFL
joins calcaneus to fibular medially
Limits inversion in neutral or dorsi Flexion
DL function and location
Made of ligaments on medial part of ankle medial maleolus, tibia, navicular
Limit eversion
Where is the tibialis anterior located
In front of tibia
Where is the extensor digitorum longis located
Straight down the front of the leg and into each toe
Where is the extensor halleckis longis located
Running deeper on anterior part of the leg to the big toe from shin
Where is the fibularis longus located
Laterally on the leg, from patella to shin height
Where is the fibularis brevis located
Below the fibularis longus , to the ankle. It has a long tendon that runs down to the foot
Where is the gastrocnemius located
On the posterior part of the leg from patella down, it has 2 muscle bellies
What muscle is deep to the gastronemius
Soleus
Where is the tibialis posterior located
Deep posteriorly behind tibia, behind soleus
Where is the flexor hallucus longus located
Deep behind bottom of soleus, posteriorly
Where is the flexor digitorum longus located
Laterally and deep on the lower leg
Name the muscles causing plantar flexion
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Tibialis posterior
What muscle causes Dorsi flexion
Tibialis anterior
What muscles cause inversion
Tibialis anterior and posterior
Exttensor hallucis longus
What muscles cause version
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevus
Peroneus tertius
Where is the calcaneal/ Achilles tendon located
Above calcaneus
What type of joint is the talocalcaneonavicular joint
Ball and socket
Where is the talocalcaneonavicular located
Between the navicular, calcaneus and navicular bones
What type of joint is the calcaneocuboid joint
Saddle joint
Where is the calcaneocuboid joint located
Between anterior surface of calcaneus and post surface of the cuboid
What ligaments support the talocaneonavicular joint
Talonavicular ligament- between neck of talus and navicular bone, on top of foot.
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament- runs from anterior talus to surface of navicular bone, more medial.
What ligaments support the calcaneocuboid joint
Bifurcated ligament-
Short plantar ligament- medial and shorter than long.
Long plantar ligament- laterally across cuboid and joints to metatarsal/cuneiform joins to calcaneus.
What type of joint is the tasrometatarsal joint
Plane synovial joint
Where is the tasrometatarsal joint located
Joins tarsal bones to metatarsal bones
What type of joint is the metatarsophalangeal joint
Condyloid synovial joint
Where is the metatarsophalangeal located
Between heads of metatarsals and bottom of proximal phalanges
What type of joint is the interphalangeal joint
Synovial hinge joint
Where are interphalangeal joints located
Between consecutive phalanges of the foot, 2 on each toe, 1 on big toe
Name the types of phalanx
Proximal phalanx
Middle
Distal
What ligaments support the inferior tibiofibular joint
Anterior tibiofibular ligament
Posterior tibiofibular ligament
List the ligaments of the talocrural joint
Joint capsule
Medial collateral ligament
Lateral ligament
Describe the structure of the joint capsule
-envelopes the joint
-thin anteriorly and posteriorly
-thick on sides
-blend with collateral ligament
Name the arteries of the foot
Dorsalis pedis (continuation of anterior tibial artery)
Posterior tibial
Where can we palpate the dorsalis pedis pulse
In the first intermetatarsal space, lateral to the extensor tendon of the great toe.
Where can we palpate the posterior tibial artery
Posterior to the medial mellolus
name the plantar flexors
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
name the dorsi flexors
tibialis anterior
name the invertors
tibialis anterior and posterior
extensor hallucis longus
name the extensors
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
peroneus Tertius
What ligaments restrict Eversion
Deltoid ligaments
Anterior and posterior tibiotalar ligaments
Tibionavicular ligament
Tibiocalcaneal ligament
What ligaments restrict inversion
Anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments
Calcaneofibular ligament
Name thr 2 ankle joints
Talocrural joint
Subtalar joint
What does the subtalar joint allow
Eversion
Inversion
What does the talocrural joint allow
Dorsi flexion
Plantar flexion
Origin of extensor Hallicus longus
Anteriomedial aspect of tibia
Insertion of extensor Hallicus longus
Are of distal phalanx of big toe
Origin of Tibialis anterior
Distal one third of tibia
Insertion of Tibialis anterior
Medial cuneiform on base of foot
Base of first metatarsal
Extensor digitorum longus origin
Inferior part of lateral tibial condoyle
Extensor digitorum longus insertion
Second and third phalanges of the four lesser toes
Name the 3 lateral ligaments
Anterior talofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
ALL FIBULAR
name the 4 medial collateral ligaments
Anterior tibiotalar ligament
Posterior tibiotalar ligament
Tibionavicular ligament
Tibiocalcaneal ligament
Name the ligamentous structure running between shafts of the tibia and fibula
Cruciate ligament
What is the insertion of thr Tibialis anterior
Medial cuneiform of head of fifth metatarsal
The anterior compartment of the leg is innervated by what?
Deep perineal (fibular) nerve
Name the joint formed between lower leg and foot
Talocrural joint
What joint allows inversion and Eversion.
Subtalar joint
does the Tibialis anterior plantar flex?
No it helps with Dorsi flexion and inversion
Function of Tibialis posterior
Plantar flexion
Inversion
