lesson 1- basic anatomy Flashcards
describe the anatomical position
standing upright
Feet together
Hands by the side, palm facing forward
Eyes looking forward
Mouth is closed with neutral facial expression
Toes pointing forward
describe distal
furthest away
describe proximal
closest
give an example of a proximal and distal pair
the ulna is more distal than the humorous. therefore, the humorous is more proximal (to the midline)
what is the midline?
line down centre of the body
what is the anterior? give an example
the front. palm of hand in anatomical position
what is the posterior? give an example
back, e.g. back of hand in anatomical position
describe medial
closer to the midline
describe lateral
further away from the midline
give an example of a pair using lateral and medial.
radius is more medial to the ulna in the anatomical position.
what does inferior mean?
bellow
what does superior mean?
above
give an example of a bone superior to the fibula
femur
what does superficial mean?
surface of the skin
what does deep mean?
further away from the skin
what does cephalad mean?
close to the head.
what does ciudad mean?
towards the feet.
give an example of when cephalad and caudad can be used.
‘cracking’ spine in an angled direction. towards head is cephalad, ‘cracking’ downwards would be caudad.
describe the movement of adduction
towards the body
describe the movement of abduction
away from the body.
name a different type of add/abduction and describe it.
horizontal. close horizontal angle is to adduct.
describe the movement of flexion
close joint angle
describe the movement of extension
opens joint angle
describe the movement of internal rotation. give example
turning in. anatomical position, pal, rotates towards the body.
describe the movement of external rotation
turning out
name a movement that can only occur in radius and ulna
deviation
describe the movement of pronation
move in
describe the movement of super nation
move out
where can pronation and super nation only occur?
wrists and ankles
describe the movement of lateral flexion
spine moves inwards
describe the movement of plantar flexion
PLANT TOE IN GROUND. point foot downwards
describe the movement of dorsi flexion
foot moves up
describe the movement of CIRCUMDUCTION
shoulder rotates all the way around, arm circles
what does the frontal plane divide the body into?
anterior and posterior parts
which movement occurs in the frontal plane?
adduction/ abduction, lateral flexion
what does the sagittal plane divide the body into?
right and left portions = midline.
which movement occurs in the sagittal plane?
flexion and extension
what does the transverse plane divide the body into?
top and bottom of the body
which movement occurs in the transverse plane
rotation. stuck in place, can only turn and rotate.
which axes is located in the frontal plane?
sagittal horizontal axis
which axes is located in the sagittal plane?
frontal horizontal axis
which axis is found in the transverse plane?
vertical axes. (straight down, allowing rotation)
list all types of movement.
-adduction
-abduction
-flexion
-extension
-internal rotation
-extrernal rotation
-deviation
-pronation
-supernation
-lateral flexion
-plantar flexion
-dorsi flexion
-circumduction
name the three types of planes
-frontal plane
-saggital plane
-transverse plane
name the word describing ‘furthest from midline’
lateral
name the word describing ‘closest’
proximal
name the word describing ‘below’
inferior
name the word describing ‘furthest away’
distal
name the word describing ‘front’
anterior
name the word describing ‘closest to midline’
medial
name the word describing ‘above’
superior
name the word describing ‘line down centre of the body’
midline
name the word describing ‘back’
posterior
