week 4- Hip And Femur Anatomy Flashcards
Which is the largest and superior bone of the hip
Ilium
Which bone is located most posteriorly and inferiorly in the hip
Ischium
Which bone of the hip forms the most interior portion
Pubic bone. Located medially to the ischium
What do the acetabulum
Fusion of these 3 bones. Centre
What makes up the ball and socket joint of the hip
Acetabulum acts as the socket for the head of the femur which acts as the ball
How many axis can the hip joint rotate
Many it’s multiaxial
What is the hip joint designed for
Stability and weightbearing
What shape is the lunate surface of the acetabulum
Concave- like a crescent moon
What is another name for the hip joint
Acetabulofemoral joiny
What covers head of femur and lunate surface of acetabulum
Hyaline cartilage
Where is the acetabular fossa located
In the centre of the lunar surface- inside the crescent
What does the acetabular fossa contain
Loose CT, mobile fat pad
Not covered by hyaline cartilage
What is the acetabulum labrum
Firbocartilagenous collar that surrounds the bony rim of the acetabulum in a crescent shape
Where is the transverse acetabular ligament located
In between the crescent gap of the acetabular regions
How does the labrum of the acetabulum Benidorm stability of the hip joint
By deepening the acetabulum and increasing the area of articulation with the head of the femur
Where is the fovea captis femoris located. What is not located here
The top of the head of the femur. No hyaline cartilage is found here
Where does the joint capsule of the bio joint bind
Attaches to the acetabular labrum and the transverse acetabular ligament
How is the joint capsule adapted to its function to be strong and fibrous
Help of 3 ligaments.
Anteriorly and superiorly by the ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT (connects the anterior inferior iliac spine and the acetabular rim to the femoral intertrochanteric line. It is the strongest ligament of the hip joints)
PUBERFORMORAL LIGAMENT (more medial. From the obiturator crest and superior Remus of the pubis)
ISCHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT (most posterior. Connects the ischia part of the acetabular run to the neck of the femur)
How many ligaments are in the hip joint
3
Name the ligaments of the hip joint
ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT( strongest. Located anteriorly)
PUBOFEMORAL LIGAMENT (more medial)
ISCHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT (posteriorly located)
How are the ligaments’ fibres arranged and why
In a spiral fashion to help stabilise the joint by pulling the head of the femur medially into the acetabulum.
-reduces amount of muscle energy required to maintain a standing position
-prevents hyper extension of the hip
-prevents excessive abduction
Name the movements provided by the hip joint
Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction
Internal/medial rotation
Lateral rotation
Circumduction- 360 movement of the leg
How is blood supplied to the leg
Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
They arise from the deep femoral artery
-artery to head of femur
Where is the psoas major muscle origin and insertion
Bodies of vertebra T12-L4
Transverse processes of L1-L5
Lesser trochanter of femur as ILIOPSOAS TENDON
Where is the ilacis muscle origin and insertion
Iliac fossa
Lesser trochanter of femur
Thigh flexion.
Femoralnerve
Femoral artery
What is the iliopsoas muscle
Psaos major and iliacus muscle
They come together to pass underneath the inguinal ligament and into the region of the thigh
Where is the psoas minor origin and insertion
Small muscle runs along the surface of the psoas major
40-70% people don’t have this muscle
O: vertabral bodies T12 L1
I: iliopubic eminence
LUMBAR ARTERIES
SPINAL NERVE
What is the ilacus innervated by
Femoral nerve
What is the psoas major innervated by
Femoral nerve
What is the psaos minor innervated by
Lumbar plexus
Where did the tensor fascia latae located
Anterior superior iliac spine
Insterts ay iliotibial tract, lateral condyle of tibia
Thigh internal rotation
Knee leg external rotations
Stabilise hip and knee joint
Gluteal nerve
Femoral artery
What are the superficial gluteus Muscles responsible for
Extension
Abduction
Rotation of the thigh at the hip joint
Stabilise pelvis
What is the gluteus maximum inervated by
Inferior gluteal nerve
What are the other 3 muscles inervated by
Superior gluteal nerve
What do the muscles receive their blood supply from
Superior gluteal artery
Inferior gluteal artery
What is the femoral artery the continuation of
The external iliac artery
Where is the femoral artery location
Origin=Directly behind the inguinal ligament
End= exits the pelvis through the vascular lacuna and runs down towards the popliteal fossa
What bones make up the pelvis
Ileum
Ishcium
Pubis
What binds to the ischial tuberosity
Hamstring
Where does the hamstring bind
Ischial tuberosity
Where is the ischial tuberosity located
On the ischial inferiorly and posteriorly (bottom of the back curve)
What is the obturator foramen
The hole in between ischium and pubis
Where is the pubic tubercle located
Anteriorly and superiorly on the pubis. Slightly lateral to the pubic symphysis
Where is the superior pubic ramus located
Above the obturator foramen, centrally to the hole
Where is the inferior pubic ramus located
Inferiorly to the obturator foramen , centrally to the hole
Where is the ischial spine located
Posteriorly and superiorly on the ischium (top notch)
Where is the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) found
Where the iliac crest ends Anteriorly
Where is the anterior inferior iliac spine located (AIIS)
inferior to the ASIS on the iliac
What muscle binds to the anterior inferior iliac spine
Rectus femoris , going in to the thigh
Where is the posterior superior iliac spine located
Posteriorly on the iliac, laterally to the spine. Superior (on top of) iliac spine
Where is the posterior inferior iliac spine located
Inferior and more lateral to the PSIS
Where is the obturator membrane located
Inside of the obturator foramen
Where is the inguinal ligament found
From the ASIS to the pubis
Where is the pubic symphysis located
I’m between the left and right pubis
Where is the iliolumbar ligament located
Between the ileum and the lumbar vertebrae
Where do we find the posterior/anterior sacroiliac ligaments
Posteriorly/ Anteriorly between the iliac and the sacrum
What is the longest muscle in the human body
Sartorious muscle
Where is the sartorious muscle located
Origin-Anterior superior iliac spine
End- below medialcondyle of tibia
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Thigh flexion, abduction, external rotation
Lef flexion, leg externalrotation
Give functions of the sartorius muscle
Flexion of the thigh and knee
Abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh
Medial rotation of the knee
What 4 muscles for the quadriceps femoris
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
Where is the quadriceps femoris muscle insertion
Quadriceps tendon
Where is the origin of the Rectus femoris muscle
Anterior inferior Iliad spine
Supraacetabular sulcus
Which muscles can flex the thigh
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Where do the anterior muscles (Rectus femoris and sartorius) receive their inivation
Femoral nerve
Where do the anterior muscles (Rectus femoris and sartorius) receive their blood supply
Femoral artery
Where is the adductor brevis muscles located
Origin- inferior pubic ramus
Inserts- linea aspera femoris
Where is the adductor longus muscle located
Origin- pubic symphysis
Superior pubic ramus
Insertion- linea aspera femoris
Where is the adductor magus origin and insertion
Origin- inferior pubic ramus
Insertion- linea aspera femoris
Where is the adductor minimus muscle located
Origin- inferior pubic ramus
Insertion- linea aspera femoris
What is the function of the adductor muscles (medial compartment muscles)
Adduction of the thigh and hip joint
-Flexion of the thigh
Where do the adductor muscles receive their blood supply from
Obturator artery
Deep femoral artery
Where is the biceps femoris located
Origin- Ischial tuberosity
Insertion- head of fibula
Where is the semitendinous muscle located
Origin- sacrotuberous ligament
Tuberosity of Ischium
Insertion- anteriomedial tibial plateau
Where is the semimembranous muscle located
Origin- tuberosity of ischium
Insertion- posteromedial tibial plateau
-oblique popliteal ligament
Name the 3 hamstring muscles
Semimembranous muscle
Bicep femoris
Semitendinosus
What muscles are used in squatting
Gluteus maximus
Quadriceps femoris
Hamstrings
What is the quadriceps femoris responsible for
External rotation
Stabilise femoral head to acetabulum
What makes up the femoral triangle
Medically abductor longus
Anteriorly inguinal ligament
Laterally satorious
State the location of the hamstring muscles
Bicep femoras- most laterally
Semimembranous- most medially
Semitendanous- middle
Origin of bicep femoris
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion of bicep femoris
Fibular head
Posterolateral tibial plateau
Origin of semimebranosus
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion of semimebranosus
Posteromedial tibial plateau
Origin of semitendanosus
Ischial tuberosity
Posterior sacrum
Coccyx
Insertion of semitendanosus
Anteriomedial tibial plateau
Name the hip adductors
Adductor Brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor Magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis
Adductor Magnus origin
Ischial tuberosity
Inferior pubic ramus
Adductor Magnus insertion
Gluteal tuberosity
Adductor tubercle
Medial femur
Adductor brevis origin
Body of pubis
Inferior ramus
Adductor brevis insertion
Proximal line aspera
Pectineal line
Adductor longus origin
Body of pubis
Adductor longus insertion
Middle third of linea aspera
What is the linea aspera
Posterior ridge of femur below gluteal tuberosity
Name the muscle that hip abduct
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae
origin of glutes medius
anterior gluteal line
insertion of glutes medius
lateral surface of greater trochanter
origin of glutes minimus
outer cortex of ilium
insertion of glutes minimus
anterior surface of greater trochanter
origin of tensor fascia latae
ASIS
iliac crest
insertion of tensor fascia latae
iliotibial band
origin of gluteus Maximus
outer cortex of ilium, posterior sacrum and coccyx
insertion of gluteus Maximus
posterior iliotibial tract
gluteal tuberosity
name muscles which allow hip adduction
adductor longs
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
pectineus
gracilis
name muscles which allow hip extension
gluteus maximus
bicep femoris
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
name muscles which allow hip flexion
iliopsoas
rectus femoris
satorious
tensor fascia lata
name muscles which allow hip lateral rotation
gluteus maximus
short lateral rotators (piriformis
-obturator internus
-superior and inferior gemelli
-quadratus femoris)
name the short lateral rotators
piriformis
-obturator internus
-superior and inferior gemelli
-quadratus femoris
name muscles which allow hip medial rotation
-gluteus medius
-gluteus minimus
-tensor fascia lata
-the adductors
origin of quadrates femoris
lateral border of ischial tuberosity
insertion of quadrates femoris
quadrater tubercle
origin of piriformis
anterior surface of the sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
insertion of piriformis
posterosuperior greater trochanter
origin of obturator internus
inner surface of obturator membrane
insertion of obturator internus
medial greater trochanter
origin of inferior and superior gamelli
superior- ischial spine
inferior- ischial tuberosity
insertion of inferior and superior gamelli
s- posterior greater trochanter
I-posterior greater trochanter
name the ligaments of the hip
-iliofemoral ligament
-ligament of head of femur
-pubofemoral ligament
-ischiofemoral ligament
-transverse acetabular ligament
function and shape of iliofemoral ligament
-inverted Y
-one of strongest ligament
-STABILISES ANTERIOR HIP
-PREVENTS EXCESSIVE HIP EXTENSION
function and shape of pubofemoral ligament
-triangular
-strengtehns anterior and inferior hip joint
-PREVENTS OVER ABDUCTION
function and shape of ischiofemoral ligament
-strengthens posterior hip joint
-taut in internal rotation, extension, flexion and adduction
What muscles originate at Ischial tuberosity
Bicep femoris
Semimebranosus
Semitendanosus
Along with the hamstrings, what muscle helps with extension
Glute maximus
Function of piriofromis
Lateral rotator or thr hip
Iliopaoas functiom
Lumbar and hip flexion
What joint transfers weight of upper body to lower extremities
Sacroiliac joint
What does iliofemoral ligament prevent
Hyper extension
What is the angle of inclination of coxa vara
(Angle between head/neck and femoral shaft)
105
Decrease in angle
What is the angle of inclination of coxa Valga
(Angle between head/neck and femoral shaft)
140
Increase in alga
What is the angle of inclination of normal
(Angle between head/neck and femoral shaft)
125
This is the angle between longitudinal axis of femoral neck to femoral shaft in frontal plane
Poplietus
Lateral condyle of femur
Posterior surface of proximal tibia
Tibial nerve
Tibial artery
Knee joint stabilisation
