week 3- Thoracic And Lumbar Spine Flashcards
How many bones are in the cervical
7
How many bones are in the thoracic
12
How many bones are in the lumbar
5
How many bones are in the sacral
5
How many bones are in the coccygeal
4
Give features of bones in the thoracic
—heart shaped bodies with DEMIFACETZ for articulation with head of corresponding rib and rib below
-short Pericles
-small, circular vertebral canal
-long, downward pointing spinous process
-transvers processes with facet for articulation with tubercle of corresponding rib
-superior and inferior articulate processes
Give features of the lumbar
-large kidney shaped body
-short strong Pericles
-quadranglular spinous process
-triangular vertebral canal
-thin, short transverse process
-articulate processes, superior facing.Medially inferior facing laterally
In the spine, which vertebrae are fused
5 fused sacral vertebrae
3-4 fused coccygeal vertebrae
Where is the posterior longtidtudanal ligament found
Posterior (back), in between vertebral body and the vertebral arch
Where is the anterior longitudinal ligament found
Anterior, along the vertebral body
Where is the ligamenta flava found
Between the laminate of adjacent vertebrae
What connects and passes along the tops of the vertebral spinous processes from vertabra C7 to the sacrum
Supraspinous ligaments
What is the supraspinous ligaments
What connects and passes along the tops of the vertebral spinous processes from vertabra C7 to the sacrum
Where is the interspunious ligament found
Between adjacent vertebral spinous processes
What is the interspuniys ligaments
Ligaments from the base of the apex of each spinous process and blend with the supra spinous ligament posteriorly and the ligamenta flava anteriorly on each side
Where are intertransverse ligaments found
Posteriorly on the transverse processes
Name some superficial muscles of the back
Trapezius, latissimus Dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor
Name some intermediate muscles of the back
Serratus posterior
Give a way to remember how many bones are in the upper spine
Breakfast at 7
Lunch at 12
Dinner at 5
Which muscles flex the trunk
-recuts abdominis = upper ab muscle
-external oblique= lateral and anterior parts of the abdomen
-internal oblique = underneath external oblique
-psoas major = originates L1-L4 inserts lesser trochanter of femur
-psoas minor = L1 T12 inserts next to pubic bone
Which muscles extend the trunk
Quadratics lumborum = originates iliac crest and inserts transfers process L1-5
-erector spinae (illocastalis, longissimus, spinalis) ( I LIKE STANDING ) lower thoracic and lumbar to upper thoracic and cervical
Which muscles roatate the trunk
-internal oblique = underneath external oblique
-external oblique= lateral and anterior parts of the abdomen
Multifidus- next to whole length of vertrabl column
Rotatores -
Senispinalis
Name the transversospinales muscles
Multifidus
Rotatores
Semispinallis
Which muscles laterally flex the trunk
Quadratus lumborum
External oblique
Internal oblique
Recuts abdominis
Erector spinae
Multifidus
Which muscles raise the infra abdominal pressure
External oblique
Internal oblique
Text us abdominis
Transversus abdominis
Name the fascial sheaths
Thoraxolumbar fascia
Rectus sheath
Which part are considered the trunk
Lumbar and thoracic
How do vertebrae articulate with each other
Secondary cartiliaginous bodies and synovial facet joints
Which vertebrae are specialised to allow specific movements between the neck and the skull
C1 C2
What does the superior articulating facet articulate with
Inferior articulating facet
What is the orientation of the facets in the cervical region
Backwards, upwards, medial (BUM)
Which way are the facets oriented in the thoracic
backwards, upwards , laterally
BUL
Which way are the lumbar facets orientated
Backwards, medial
BM
What do the ligaments help to allow
Spinal stability
What does the anterior longitudinal ligament resist
External rotation, tilting backwards
Where does the ligament in flavum run
Between adjacent vertebrae . 2 on either side of the same vertebrae , they meet in the middle
Which ligament runs through adjacent spinous processes
Interspinous ligaments
What ligament runs across the spinous process
Supraspinous processes
Where does the Supraspinous ligament run to
From sacrum to C7
From C7 to the head, which ligament runs over the tips of the spinous processes
The nuchal ligament
Give the 3 functions of the trapezius
Elevate the scapula
Extend the neck
Retract the scapula
Name the functions of the teres major
Extend the whole arm at the shoulder
Addiction at the shoulder joint
Medially roatate the shoulder
Name the functions of the latisimus dorsi
Extend shoulder
Addict shoulder joint
Medaial rotation shoulder joint
Name the functions of the infraspinatus
Laterally/externally rotate the shoulder joint
What is the antagonist muscles to the infraspinatus and the Teris minor, and why
They like to externally rotate.
Antagonists are teris major and latissimus dorsi whoch Medially rotate
What muscles are in the rotator cuff? (SITS)
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teris minor, subscapularis
What is the function of the rhomboids major and rhomboids minor
Retract scapula, pull it back
Name all the curves in the back
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Saccrococcygeal
What do the vertebral Column curves help with
Strength, flexibility, ability to absorb shock
What does the gel like nature of the nucleus pulposis allow
Allow invertavral disc to change shape as the vertabra rocks side to side or forward and backwards
How many groups are in the erector spinae
3
Name the 3 groups in the erector spinae
Spinalis (midline)
Longissimus (next to spinalis and illocostalis)
Illocistalis (most lateral)
Name the function of erector spinae
Extend vertabra column
Antagonists to abdominal wall muscles
What is the erector spinae muscle groups synergistic to and how
Trapezius
They both extend the neck
Make the function of the quadratus lumborum and where it is found
Fixates the neck, extend the lower back
Found laterally on the back. Superior to the hip
Where is the facet joint located
between superior and inferior articulating processes
Multifidus origin and insertion
O: articular processes C4-C7
Transverse processes of thoracic
Mammillary process of lumbar
PSIS
Posterior aspect of sacrum
I: tips of spinous process 2-5 levels above origin
Origin and insertion of rotatores
O: breves. Transverse process T2-T12
Longi. Transverse process thoracic vertabrae
I: breves.laminae/spinous process of vertebra 1 level above origin
Longus laminae/spinous process of vertebra 2 level above origin
Semispinalis origin and insertion
O: transverse process of vertabrae T1-T6
I: posterior surfaces of spinous process C2-C5
Quadratics lumborum origin and insertion
O: iliac crest
Iloilolumbar lig
I: inferior border of rib 12, transverse processL1-L4
Name the erector spinae
I LIKE STANDING
Iliocostalis
Longisimus
Spinalis
infraspinatous origin and insertion
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion Greater tubercle of humerus
