Week 11- Gross Anatomy Flashcards
Name organs of abdomen
Kidneys
Intestines
Stomach
Bladder
Pancreas
Gall bladder
Liver
Spleen
What does the peritoneal cavity freely communicate with
Pelvic cavity
Functions of abdomen
Houses and protects major viscera
-assist in breathing (contraction of diaphragm. Relaxation of abdominal muscles)
-changes in abdominal pressure (contraction)
What does the abdominal wall consist of
Partly bone
Mainly muscle
External oblique origin
Outer surfaces of lower 8 ribs.
External oblique insertion
Lateral lip of iliac crest
Linea albr
External oblique innervation
Anterior rami of Lower 6 thoracic nail nerves
T7-T12
External oblique function
Compress abdominal contents
H muscles flex trunk, bending trunk to same side
Turning anterior part of abdomen to opposite side 9rotation)
Interal oblique origin
Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac crest between orgins of external and transversus
Lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament
Interal oblique insertion
Inferior border of lower 3/4 ribs
Aponeurosis ending in LINEA ALBA, pubic crest, Pectineal line
Interal oblique innervation
Anterior Rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves
T7-12 , L1
Interal oblique function
Compress abdominal contents
Both muscles flex trunk
Each muscle bends trunks and turns anterior part of abdomen same side
Transverse abdominis origin
Thoracolumbar fascia
Medial lip of iliac crest
Lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament
Costal cartilages and lower 6 ribs
Transverse abdominis insertion
Aponeurosis ending in LINEA ALBA
PUBIC CREST
PECTINEAL LINE
Transverse abdominis inervation
Anterior rami of lower 6 spinal nerves
T7-T12 L1
Transverse abdominis function
Compress abdominal contents
Rectus abdominis origin
Pubic crest
P[ubic tubercle
Pubic symphysis
Rectus abdominis insertion
Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
Xiphoid process
Rectus abdominis innervation
Anterior rami or loader 7 thoracic spinal nerves
T7-T12
Rectus abdominis FUNCTION
Compress abdominal contents
Flex vertabral column
Tense abdominal wall
Where is the horizontal plane located
Between jugular notch and symphysis pubis
L1 vertebra
List structures in hortizontal plane
Pylorus of stomach
Fundus of gall bladder
Neck of pancreas
Hilium of spleen
What plane lies at L5
Transtubercular plane
How many quadrants are in the abdominal
9
List quadrants on right
Right hyperchondrium (rib 12 upwards)
Right flank (till hip)
Right groin (pubic region downwards)
List middle quadrants
Epigastric region (rib 12 and up from interchondral cartilage)
Umbilical region (Belly button)
Pubic region (waist down)
List left quadrant regions
Left hypochondrium (rib 12 and up)
Left flank (rib 12- iliac crest)
Left groin( wait and down. Pubic are)
Location of cardia
Where abdominal esophagus pipe meets stomach.
Small intestine function
-majority of absorption Of nutrients and minerals from food here
-extends from pyloric orfice to ileocecal fold
Location and function of large intestine
-extends from distal end of ileum and anus
-absorbs fluids and salt from gut content forming faeces
-consists of cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, anal canal
Functions of liver
-filter blood coming from digestive tract, before passing it to rest of body
-bile production and excretion
-metabolism of fats, proteins, carbs
-storage of glycogen, vitamins and minerals
-synthesis of clotting factors
Which side is the liver located
Right hand side
Function of PORTA HEPATIS
Serves as point of entry to liver for hepatic arteries and portal vein
-exit points of hepatic ducts
Gall bladder location and function
-pear shaped sac lying on visceral surface of right lobe of liver
-store and conc bile (bile breakdown)
-control flow of bile into small intestine
Pancreas locations and parts
Extends from duodenum to spleen
-head, neck, body, tail, UCINATE PROCESS
Functions of pancreas
EXOCRINE- produce enxymes important for digestion
(Trypsin, chymotrypsin to digest proteins, amylase for carbs, lipase for fats)
ENDOCRINE- maintains proper blood sugar level
(Insulin, lower blood sugar, glucagon, raise blood sugar)
Where is the spleen located
Below left diaphragm
Underneath, 9,10,11 ribs
In contact with tail of pancreas
Functions of spleen
-fights invading germs in blood (immunity)
-controls level of blood cells (wbc,rbc, platelets)
-filters blood
-removes old/ damaged rbc
Location of kidneys
Bean shaped structures in posterior abdominal wall
Function of kidneys
-controlling water, electrolytes balance
-remove toxins and waste friom body
-control bp
Portal vein functions
Moves blood from spleen and gastrointestinal tract to liver
Name lobes of liver
Right lobe
Left lobe
What is located most superior on gall bladder
What follows
Fundus
Body
Neck
Cystic duct
Haptic duct
Common bile duct
What muscles innervation at lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves
T7-12
What muscle innervateslower 7 thoracic spinal nerves
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominal
Rectus abdominus
What is located inferior on right lobe of the liver
Gall bladder, central and inferior
What separates the lobes of the liver
Falciform ligament
Where is the midcalvicular plane
Central plane consisting of epigastric region
Umbilical region
Pubic region.
Where is the subcostal plane
Inferior border of 10th costal cartilage, L2
Where is the transplyoric plane
Inferior border of 10th costal cartilage L2
Where is transtubercular plane
Iliac tubercles
L5
Name parts of small intestine in order
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
What is the highest organ in right region
Spleen
What is the first part of the stomach
Cardia
What is in the fundus
Gases
where is the fundus located
Upper region of stomach
Upper arch
What is the main section of the stomach called
Body
From pyloric sphincter, what follows
Duodenum
What organ sits in the c shaped curve of small intestine
Pancreas
What is the term of how large intestine contracts
Peristalsis
Digestive tract organs
Esophagus
Stomach (duodenum)
Small intestine
Large intestine (colon)
Rectum
Order of urinary system
Kidney
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
what is lateral to and superior to the stomach
Spleen
What ‘pipe’ goes into stomach
Abdominal esophagus
