week 5- the knee Flashcards
which bone is larger, the tibia or fibula
tibia
which bone is on the medial side
tibia
which bone is more lateral
fibula
what is the intercondylar imminence
the lumpy structure at the top of the tibia
where is the articulating surface of the medial condyle located
on the medial groove side of the tibia
where is the articulating surface of the lateral condyle located
on the lateral groove on the tibia at the superior end
where is the tibial tuberosity located
inferior to the condoyles and the pattela . the bump that sticks out
where is the anterior border/crest located
inferior to the tibial tuberosity, the long groove that sticks out in the middle of the tibia
where is the medial malleolus located
inferior part of the tibia. more medial bump that rounds downwards
where is the distal tibia fibula attatchemnet located
posterior and inferior on the posterior groove of the tibia
where is the proximal tibidibular joint located
below the lateral condyle of the tibia, at the head of the fibular. Where tibia and fibula meet
where is the head located on the fibula
at the superior end of the fibula
where is the lateral malleolus located
on the inferior end of the fibula.
where is the distal tibiofibular joint located
The inferior part of tibia and fibula, where they meet
Superior to the lateral malleolus of the fibular and articulate surface of the tibia
what type of joint is the knee
synovial bicondylar joing
a complex hinge joint
where is the lateral condyle of the femur located
inferiorly and laterally on the femur. slightly medial between the groove in the middle of the femur.
where is the medial condyle of the femur located
inferiorly and medially on the femur. slightly lateral between the groove in the middle of the femur.
where is the intercondyle located
medially and inferiorly on the femur
what type of bone is the patella
sesamoid bone
where is the patella ligament located
between the patella and the tibia.
where is the quadriceps tendon located
from the thigh
to the patella
where is the tibial plateau located
at the superior surface of the tibia where the femur meets it
where is the medial facet located on the patella
medially and posteriorly in a little groove
where is the lateral facet located on the patella
laterally and posteriorly in the little groove
where is the vertical ridge located on the patella
posteriorly on the centre ridge
where is the base located on the patella
anterior and superior on the patella
where is the apex located on the patella
anterior and inferior on the patella
where is the patello femoral joint located
in between the patella and the femor
what type of joint is the patello femoral joint
plane synovial
what movement does the knee joint offer
flexion and extension in the sagittal plane
some rotation when the knee is flex and off the ground
what does the knee joint offer
stability ad mobility
where is the lateral meniscus located
the pad of cartilage laterally, in between tibia and femur
where is the medial meniscus located
the pad of cartilage medially, in between tibia and femur
function of menisci
add support to articulating surfaces
function of the collateral ligaments
stability, prevent lateral flexion
where is the lateral collateral ligament located /fibulr collateral ligament
from the fibula to the femur, laterally on the bones.
where is the medial collateral ligament located /tibial collateral ligament
from the fibia to the femur, medially (on medial side of the bones)
are the cruciate ligaments deep or superficial
deep
how many cruciate ligaments are there
2
where is the anterior cruciate ligament located
in the anterior intertrochanteric space. runs through the gap to attach to the lateral condyle of the femur
where is the posterior cruciate ligament located
turns from the posterior part of the intertrochanteric space towards the medial condyle of femur. ligaments cross over.
function of the cruciate ligaments
hold tibia and femur together, whilst they’re moving.
Which cruciate ligament is weaker. What other job does it have
Anterior. Prevents tibia from slipping anteriorly
What other job does the posterior cruciate ligament have
Prevent tibia from slipping posteriorly/ femur slipping anteriorly
Function of posterior meniscofemoral ligament
Hold menisci in place
where is the intercondyla fossa
the groove in the bottom of the femur, behind patella
name palpation points on the knee, describe their location
patella- upside down tiangle
tibial tubercle- boney point below patella
gerdys tubercle- lateral to the TT
fibula head- lateral and more superior to the gerdys tubercle
medial collateral ligament- can’t palpate but medial on side of patella
lateral collateral ligament- lateral to patella
what muscles cause flexion
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus andsemimembranosus; initiated by popliteus;assisted by gracilis and sartorius
what muscles cause extension
Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastuslateralis, vastus medialis and vastusintermedius) assisted by tensor fasciae latae
what muscles cause medial rotation
Popliteus, semimembranosus andsemitendinosus, assisted by sartorius andgracilis.
what muscles cause Lateral rotation
Biceps femoris
what is a bakers cyst
Fluid-filled swelling that develops at the backof the knee
What attaches to the tibial tuberosity
Patella tendon
what attaches to the gerdys tubercle
Iliotibial band
what attaches to the gerdys tubercle
Iliotibial band
What attaches to the epicondyles (widest part of the knee)
Ligaments- collateral ligament
What attaches to the top of the fibular
Biceps femoris tendon
What is the popleitus muscle origin and isertion
Origin- lateral surface of lateral Condyle of the femur
Insertion- posterior suface of the tibia , above soleil line
Where does the popliteus muscle run
Beneath lateral collateral ligament and tendon of bicep femoris
Where is the rectus femoris located
In the centre of the thigh, above vastus intermedius
Where is the vastus lateralus located
Laterally on the thigh, on femur
Where is the vastus medialis located
Medially on femur, just above patella
Name the hamstring muscles
Biceps femoris
Semimembranous
Semitendinous
Name the quadriceps muscle
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedia’s
Vastus medialis
Where is the sartorious
Medially and anteriorly on the thigh. Runs over 2 joints, hip and knee, down the thigh medially
Describe valgus movement of the knee
Knees fall inwards, hip adduction, hip internal rotation in a flexed position (squat)
Describe valgus movement
Knees move INWARDS
How many steps are in the gait cycle
2
Make the phases in gait cycle
Stance phase
Swing phase
Describe stance phase
Initial contract
Loading response
Middtance
Terminal stance
Pre swing
Describe swing phase
Initial swing
Mid-swing
Terminal swing
Define gait
A persons manner of walking
Why might people’s gates be different
bad hip/ foot/ ankle/ toe
Neurological issues
Spinal issues
Ataxic
Name the functions of the sartorious muscle
Flexes the hip
Externally rotates the hip
Abducts the hip
Flexes and externally rotates the knee
Origin of sartorious
ASIS
Then crosses to medial side of thigh
Insertion of sartorious
Medial side of proximal tibia
Vastus lateralis
Origin: intertrochantic line, greater trochanter, gluteal Tuberosity, linear aspers of femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity, patella
Innervation: femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Vastus medialis
Origin: intertrochantic line, pectineal line of femur, linea aspera
Insertion: tibial tuberosity, patella
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Vastus intermedius
Origin: anterior surface of femoral shaft
Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patella ligament
Femoral nerve and artery
