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Clinical Anatomy- Term 1 > week 3- gross anatomy of the thorax > Flashcards

week 3- gross anatomy of the thorax Flashcards

1
Q

where is the superior thoracic appeture located

A

opening for oesophagus and trachea. exit and entry of major vessels, nerves, apex of lungs. (top of top rib hole) continuous with the deep neck and upper limb.

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2
Q

where is the inferior thoracic appeture located

A

hole at the bottom of the ribs. largely filled\covered by diaphragm. exit point for vena cava, oesophagus and aorta

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3
Q

what is the costal margin

A

bottom of the bottom rib line.

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4
Q

what is the shape of a diaphragm

A

parachute, located middle to bottom of rib cage.

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5
Q

name functions of the thorax

A

-breathing: (contains lungs providing machinery which is necesarry- diaphragm, thoracic wall and ribs)

-protection of vital organs

-conduit: (Osophegus, nerves, trachea, major blood vessels)

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6
Q

what makes up the thoracic cage/wall

A

posteriorly, 12 thoracic vertabrae
anteriorly- sternum
laterally- ribs and intercostal muscles

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7
Q

why does the sternum have articular facets

A

allows the ribs to connect 3-5

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8
Q

how many ribs are there

A

12

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9
Q

name the different types of ribs and say how many there are of each

A

TRUE RIBS- 1-7
FALSE RIBS- 8-10
FLOATING RIBS- 11-12

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10
Q

what is a rib connected to

A

the spine and the sternum

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11
Q

list all the muscles of the thoracic wall

A

external intercostal, internal intercostal, interrmost intercostal, subcostal, transverse thoracics

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12
Q

explain the ‘pump handle’ action of the ribs

A

ribs move forwards and upward. this increases the atero-posterior diameter of the chest

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13
Q

explain the ‘bucket handle’ action of the ribs

A

upward and lateral movement increasing the transverse diameter of the chest.

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14
Q

name the 2 thoracic cage components

A

mediastinum
pleural cavities

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15
Q

what is the outer layer of the heart called

A

pericardium

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16
Q

name the valves on the right side of the heart

A

RAV, tricuspid
pulmonary valve

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17
Q

name the valves on the left side of the heart

A

LAV mitral/bicuspid
aortic valve

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18
Q

name the outer layer of the lungs

A

parietal pleura

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19
Q

name the inner layer of the lungs

A

visceral pleura

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20
Q

where do intercostal veins drain to

A

azygos veins

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21
Q

name the joints of the thoracic

A

manubriosternal joints
xiphisternal joints

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22
Q

what is the costochondral joint

A

primary cartilaginous joint joining rib to cartilage

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23
Q

which primary cartilaginous joint joining rib to cartilage

A

costochondral joint

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24
Q

what is the sternocostal joint

A

1st costal cartilage is a primary cartilaginous joint

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25
what type of joint is a costochondral joint
synovial joint
26
where do costovertabral joints join
rib head to concave (join) the demi facet on adjacent vertebral bodies (vertebra next to ribs)
27
what type of joint is a costotranserse joint
synovial joint
28
where does a costotransverse joint bind
upper 10 ribs and transverse processes of thoracic vertebra
29
where do interchondral joints occur
between costal cartilages of adjacent ribs
30
What shape is the diaphragm when relaxed
Some shape
31
What shape is the diaphragm contracted
Flattens
32
Which region of the thorax is the heart and it’s periosteum and vessels found
Mediastinum
33
Where are the biggest blood vessels found in the body
Arttatched to the heart
34
What is the aorta and where is the aorta
The biggest vessel leaving the LV of the heart
35
What is the pulmonary trunk and where is it found
It’s an artery carrying deoxygenated blood to the lungs
36
What does the pulmonary trunk split into
Left and right pulmonary arteries
37
What do pulmonary arteries do
Take blood to the lungs
38
What do pulmonary veins do
Carry highly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart into the LA
39
Is LA posterior or inferior to other structures in the heart
Posterior - back
40
Where is the inferior vena cava located
Runs up, the liver surrounds it, it passes up through the diaphragm superiorly , because the heart is sat on the diaphragm, inferior vena cava goes straight into the RA
41
What is the superior vena cava formed by
2 blood vessels BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEINS brachium- upper limbs Cephalic- head Head and neck and upper limbs to bens cava.
42
What do the brachiocephalic veins go through to form the vena cava
Superior thoracic aperture
43
Where do the aorta curve from
Right to left From the middle of the thoracic cavity to the posterial wall. It then runs down posteriorly
44
Which way does the aorta run
Right to left, runs posteriorly to the posterior wall
45
How many branches does the aorta have
3
46
What is the first aortic branch called, medially to the heart
BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK
47
Where does the brachiocephalic trunk run
From arch of the aorta, over to the right, giving off the common carotid artery which is running up the neck
48
What does the common carotid artery do
Supply blood to the brain, face, neck
49
What does the brachiocephalic artery branch into
Left common carotid artery Left subclavian artery
50
Why does the left lung have less space
As the heart is puushing into the left
51
How many lobes are in the right lung
3 Upper Middle Lower
52
How many lobes does the left lung have
2 Upper Lower
53
What is the oblique fissure
Separates upper and lower lobe of the right lung
54
What separates the upper lobe from middle lobe in left lung
Hotizontal fissure
55
What separates the upper lobe from lower lobe in left lung
Oblique fissure
56
Name the top ridge of the sternum
Jugular notch
57
What is the head of the sternum called
Manibrium of the sternum - bone STERNOCLEODO MASTOID- muscle
58
What is the bottom nib of the sternum
XIPHOID PROCESS
59
Why does the sternum have articular facets
Allows the ribs to join 1-7
60
What is the moon called between manirbium and body of the sternum
Stern so angle
61
name the cartilage that joins the sternum to the ribs
costal cartilage
62
name the cartilage joint that joins rib cartilages of adjacent ribs (lower ribs which aren't attached to the sternum)
interchondral joints
63
Name the 2 major muscles of the chest
Pectorals minor- underneath and smaller Pectorals major- on top and larger
64
Define synergist
2 muscles performing the same action
65
Define antagonist
2 muscles opposing each other
66
Give the functions of the pectoralis major
Flexes the arm at the shoulder joint Adducts the arm at the shoulder joint Internal rotation of the arm
67
Give antagonists to the pectorals major
Teres major or lattisimus dorsi- extend the whole arm at the shoulder
68
What do external intercostals do
Help elevate ribs, pulling them up for inhilation
69
What do internal intercostals do
Depress the ribs and pull them down for exhalation
70
How would you palpate the 2nd rib anteriorly
Palpate from jugular notch to find sterna, angle between sternum body and manubrium. Costal cartilage of 2nd rib articulates here

Clinical Anatomy- Term 1 (15 decks)

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