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Clinical Anatomy- Term 1 > week 3- gross anatomy of the thorax > Flashcards

week 3- gross anatomy of the thorax Flashcards

1
Q

where is the superior thoracic appeture located

A

opening for oesophagus and trachea. exit and entry of major vessels, nerves, apex of lungs. (top of top rib hole) continuous with the deep neck and upper limb.

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2
Q

where is the inferior thoracic appeture located

A

hole at the bottom of the ribs. largely filled\covered by diaphragm. exit point for vena cava, oesophagus and aorta

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3
Q

what is the costal margin

A

bottom of the bottom rib line.

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4
Q

what is the shape of a diaphragm

A

parachute, located middle to bottom of rib cage.

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5
Q

name functions of the thorax

A

-breathing: (contains lungs providing machinery which is necesarry- diaphragm, thoracic wall and ribs)

-protection of vital organs

-conduit: (Osophegus, nerves, trachea, major blood vessels)

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6
Q

what makes up the thoracic cage/wall

A

posteriorly, 12 thoracic vertabrae
anteriorly- sternum
laterally- ribs and intercostal muscles

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7
Q

why does the sternum have articular facets

A

allows the ribs to connect 3-5

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8
Q

how many ribs are there

A

12

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9
Q

name the different types of ribs and say how many there are of each

A

TRUE RIBS- 1-7
FALSE RIBS- 8-10
FLOATING RIBS- 11-12

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10
Q

what is a rib connected to

A

the spine and the sternum

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11
Q

list all the muscles of the thoracic wall

A

external intercostal, internal intercostal, interrmost intercostal, subcostal, transverse thoracics

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12
Q

explain the ‘pump handle’ action of the ribs

A

ribs move forwards and upward. this increases the atero-posterior diameter of the chest

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13
Q

explain the ‘bucket handle’ action of the ribs

A

upward and lateral movement increasing the transverse diameter of the chest.

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14
Q

name the 2 thoracic cage components

A

mediastinum
pleural cavities

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15
Q

what is the outer layer of the heart called

A

pericardium

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16
Q

name the valves on the right side of the heart

A

RAV, tricuspid
pulmonary valve

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17
Q

name the valves on the left side of the heart

A

LAV mitral/bicuspid
aortic valve

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18
Q

name the outer layer of the lungs

A

parietal pleura

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19
Q

name the inner layer of the lungs

A

visceral pleura

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20
Q

where do intercostal veins drain to

A

azygos veins

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21
Q

name the joints of the thoracic

A

manubriosternal joints
xiphisternal joints

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22
Q

what is the costochondral joint

A

primary cartilaginous joint joining rib to cartilage

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23
Q

which primary cartilaginous joint joining rib to cartilage

A

costochondral joint

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24
Q

what is the sternocostal joint

A

1st costal cartilage is a primary cartilaginous joint

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25
Q

what type of joint is a costochondral joint

A

synovial joint

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26
Q

where do costovertabral joints join

A

rib head to concave (join) the demi facet on adjacent vertebral bodies (vertebra next to ribs)

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27
Q

what type of joint is a costotranserse joint

A

synovial joint

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28
Q

where does a costotransverse joint bind

A

upper 10 ribs and transverse processes of thoracic vertebra

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29
Q

where do interchondral joints occur

A

between costal cartilages of adjacent ribs

30
Q

What shape is the diaphragm when relaxed

A

Some shape

31
Q

What shape is the diaphragm contracted

A

Flattens

32
Q

Which region of the thorax is the heart and it’s periosteum and vessels found

A

Mediastinum

33
Q

Where are the biggest blood vessels found in the body

A

Arttatched to the heart

34
Q

What is the aorta and where is the aorta

A

The biggest vessel leaving the LV of the heart

35
Q

What is the pulmonary trunk and where is it found

A

It’s an artery carrying deoxygenated blood to the lungs

36
Q

What does the pulmonary trunk split into

A

Left and right pulmonary arteries

37
Q

What do pulmonary arteries do

A

Take blood to the lungs

38
Q

What do pulmonary veins do

A

Carry highly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart into the LA

39
Q

Is LA posterior or inferior to other structures in the heart

A

Posterior - back

40
Q

Where is the inferior vena cava located

A

Runs up, the liver surrounds it, it passes up through the diaphragm superiorly , because the heart is sat on the diaphragm, inferior vena cava goes straight into the RA

41
Q

What is the superior vena cava formed by

A

2 blood vessels
BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEINS
brachium- upper limbs
Cephalic- head

Head and neck and upper limbs to bens cava.

42
Q

What do the brachiocephalic veins go through to form the vena cava

A

Superior thoracic aperture

43
Q

Where do the aorta curve from

A

Right to left
From the middle of the thoracic cavity to the posterial wall. It then runs down posteriorly

44
Q

Which way does the aorta run

A

Right to left, runs posteriorly to the posterior wall

45
Q

How many branches does the aorta have

A

3

46
Q

What is the first aortic branch called, medially to the heart

A

BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK

47
Q

Where does the brachiocephalic trunk run

A

From arch of the aorta, over to the right, giving off the common carotid artery which is running up the neck

48
Q

What does the common carotid artery do

A

Supply blood to the brain, face, neck

49
Q

What does the brachiocephalic artery branch into

A

Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

50
Q

Why does the left lung have less space

A

As the heart is puushing into the left

51
Q

How many lobes are in the right lung

A

3
Upper
Middle
Lower

52
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have

A

2
Upper
Lower

53
Q

What is the oblique fissure

A

Separates upper and lower lobe of the right lung

54
Q

What separates the upper lobe from middle lobe in left lung

A

Hotizontal fissure

55
Q

What separates the upper lobe from lower lobe in left lung

A

Oblique fissure

56
Q

Name the top ridge of the sternum

A

Jugular notch

57
Q

What is the head of the sternum called

A

Manibrium of the sternum - bone
STERNOCLEODO MASTOID- muscle

58
Q

What is the bottom nib of the sternum

A

XIPHOID PROCESS

59
Q

Why does the sternum have articular facets

A

Allows the ribs to join 1-7

60
Q

What is the moon called between manirbium and body of the sternum

A

Stern so angle

61
Q

name the cartilage that joins the sternum to the ribs

A

costal cartilage

62
Q

name the cartilage joint that joins rib cartilages of adjacent ribs (lower ribs which aren’t attached to the sternum)

A

interchondral joints

63
Q

Name the 2 major muscles of the chest

A

Pectorals minor- underneath and smaller
Pectorals major- on top and larger

64
Q

Define synergist

A

2 muscles performing the same action

65
Q

Define antagonist

A

2 muscles opposing each other

66
Q

Give the functions of the pectoralis major

A

Flexes the arm at the shoulder joint
Adducts the arm at the shoulder joint
Internal rotation of the arm

67
Q

Give antagonists to the pectorals major

A

Teres major or lattisimus dorsi- extend the whole arm at the shoulder

68
Q

What do external intercostals do

A

Help elevate ribs, pulling them up for inhilation

69
Q

What do internal intercostals do

A

Depress the ribs and pull them down for exhalation

70
Q

How would you palpate the 2nd rib anteriorly

A

Palpate from jugular notch to find sterna, angle between sternum body and manubrium. Costal cartilage of 2nd rib articulates here

Clinical Anatomy- Term 1 (15 decks)

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