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Clinical Anatomy- Term 1 > Week 2- Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Week 2- Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 2 components making up the skeleton

A

Axial and appendicular

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2
Q

Name bones in the axial skeleton

A

-skull
-laryngeal skeleton
-thoracic skeleton
-vertebral column

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3
Q

Name the bones in the appendicular skeleton

A

-shoulder girdle
-upper limbs
-pelvic girdle
-Lower likbs

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4
Q

List the different regions of the vertebral column from top to bottom

A

-cervical vertebra (7)
-thoracic vertebra (12)
—lumbar vertebra (5)
-sacral vertebrae (5)
-coccygeal vertebrae (4)

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5
Q

Name the 8 cranial bones

A

Frontal, parietal (paired) temporal (paired) occipital , sphenoid, ethmoid

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6
Q

Where is the frontal bone located

A

Top anterior of the skull

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7
Q

Where is the parietal bone located

A

At the top, covering the centre region and the back

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8
Q

Where is the temporal bone located

A

inferior posterior of skull

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9
Q

Where is the occipital bone located

A

above temporal and below parietal
posterior skull

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10
Q

Where is the ethmoid located

A

upper nasal cavity and the nasal septum.

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11
Q

Where is the sphenoid located

A

posterior to the frontal bone but anterior to the occipital
anterior to temporal

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12
Q

what are the functions of the vertebral column

A

-central pillar
-muscular attachments and anchorage of powerful muscles
-protects the spinal chord
-acts as a shock absorber via IV discs and curvatures
-flexibility- concentrate and transmit force

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13
Q

what are the movements of the vertebral column?

A

-flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation
-the flexion, extension and lateral flexion are extensive in cervical and lumbar spine

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14
Q

What connects the Atlantic occipital joint?

A

Ligaments- anterior and posterior Atlanto-occipital membrane

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15
Q

What movement does the Atlantic- occipital joint provide?

A
  • flexion, extension, lateral flexion are possible.
    -No rotation is possible
    -Between C1 and base of skull
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16
Q

What movement does the Atlantic- occipital joint provide?

A
  • flexion, extension, lateral flexion are possible. No rotation is possible
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17
Q

What movement does the Atlanta-axial joint provide?

A

Rotational movement
Between c1 and c2

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18
Q

What connects Atlanton- axial joints

A
  • ligaments
    transverse ligament
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19
Q

Name the plane synovial joints between vertebral bodies

A

-zygapophseal joints (facet)
-uncovertebral joints

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20
Q

What does rheumatoid arthritis affect mainly?

A

Synovial joints

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21
Q

Which muscles laterally flex the neck?

A
  • scalene group of muscles
    -trapezius
    -sternacloidomastoid
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22
Q

What is the central part of the invertebratal disc called?

A

Nucleuspulposis

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23
Q

Name a primary curvature with anterior con cavity

A

Thoracic

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24
Q

Name the one feature that is specifically seen in cervical vertebra

A

Transverseforamen

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25
Q

What is the pathological lateral deviation of the spine

A

Scoliosis

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26
Q

What muscle when acting bilaterally flexes the neck and when acting alone it rotates the head to the opposite side

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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27
Q

Which region in the vertebral column has 7 vertebrae

A

Cervical

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28
Q

What joint is synovial joint between superior articulate process of one vertebra and the inferior articulate process of the vertebrae directly above it

A

Facet

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29
Q

What is the boney bit that projects from the vertebral body posterior ly called?

A

Pedicle

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30
Q

what are the 2 sections of the vertebrae called

A

-vertabral arch (boney bit)
vertabral body (curved inside)

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31
Q

what is the transverse process

A

the boney parts that stick out laterally

32
Q

what is the spinous process

A

he boney parts that stick out forwards

33
Q

what is the bone that connects the transverse process and the spinous process

A

inferior articular process

34
Q

what is the lamina

A

the part of the bone which is before the point of the spinous process

35
Q

what is the pedicles

A

the part of the bone which is before the point of the transverse process

36
Q

what is the superior articular process

A

the pointy part that is more medial to the transverse process and inferior to the spinous process

37
Q

what is the invertabral disc

A

the disc between vertebrae

38
Q

where is the nucleus pulpous found

A

in the centre of the invertabral disc

39
Q

where is the annulus fibrosis found

A

surrounding the nucleus pulpous.

40
Q

what joint is found in the thoracic

A

zygapophysical joint

41
Q

what is the muscle at the side of the neck called

A

scalene muscles

42
Q

what muscle is found surrounding windpipe

A

longus colli

43
Q

what is the muscle called in the neck that runs from the back of the ears towards the midline inferiorly.

A

sternocleidomastoid

44
Q

what is the muscle called at the posterior of the neck, running down from the back of the head

A

splenius crevices

45
Q

where is the levator scapulae found

A

muscle before the shoulders

46
Q

where is the longs Colli found?

A

muscle surrounding the windpipe.

47
Q

why are movements of the thoracic spine restricted

A

-movements of thoracic spine are restricted because of ribs and their articulations with sternum
-rotation is severely resticted in lumbar spine

48
Q

what is the neurocranium

A

the protective vault surrounding the brain and brain stem

49
Q

what is the viscerocranium

A

the skeleton that supports the facial structure

50
Q

name the major compartments of the neck

A

-vertabral compartment (cervical vertebra and postural muscles)

-visceral compartment (important glands like thyroid, thymus, parathyroid) and parts of RESPIRATORY AND DIGESTIVE TRACTS - LARYNX PAHRYNX

-vascular compartment )2, one one each side. major blood vessels, vagus nerve)

51
Q

is the larynx of pharynx superior

A

pharynx
l for low

52
Q

name the triangles of the neck

A

-anterior triangle
-posterior triangle

53
Q

what borders the anterior triangle

A

-laerally sternocleidomastoid muscle

-bordered medially by median line of the neck

-bordered superiorly by the body of the mandible

54
Q

what is the point of division between posterior and anterior triangle

A

sternocleidomastoid muscles

55
Q

how can you located the sternocleidomastoid

A

the muscle that sticks out when you rotate your head

56
Q

what does the apex of the anterior triangle point to

A

manubrium of the sternum

57
Q

what is the anterior triangle further divided into

A

-submandibular triangle
-submental triangle
-carotid triangle
- muscular triangle

58
Q

what borders the submandibular triangle

A

superior mandible

-anterior belly of digastric muscle

-posterior belly of digastric muscle

59
Q

what borders the posterior triangle

A

anterior sternocleidomastoid

posteriorly anterior border of trapezius

inferiorly clavicle

60
Q

where is the carotid artery located

A

each side of the neck, vertebrae and ligament.

61
Q

name the major glands of the face and neck

A

-major salivary glands
-minor salivary glands

62
Q

name the major salivary glands

A

parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands,

63
Q

List the facial bones

A

Nasal (2)
Lacrimal (2)
Palatine (2)
Zygomatic (2)
Vomer (1)
Mandible (1)
Maxilla (2)
Inferior nasal concha (2)

64
Q

How many facial bones is there

A

14

65
Q

Where is the zygomatic

A

Cheek bone

66
Q

where is the maxilla

A

inferior to zygomatic and more medial
Superior to the mandible
The bone covering face below cheeks, stops at nose

67
Q

Where is the inferior nasal concha

A

The most lateral bone in the nose concavity

68
Q

Where is the lacrimal

A

Eye duct
More lateral to the nose

69
Q

where is the vomer

A

Most medial bone in the nose concavity
Nose bridge
1 bone

70
Q

where is the palatine

A

Joins to vomer and maxilla
Quite superior in nasal cavity

71
Q

Where is the nasal

A

most superior bones of the nose

72
Q

Name general functions of the skull

A
  • forms and houses structures like cranial
  • certain bones contain paranasal sinuses
  • middle ear cavities in temporal bones house heading and equilibrium structures
    -protect brain
    -stabilise position of blood vessels, lymphatic and nerves
    -attachment for muscles
  • support for entrances to digestive and respiratory systems
  • protect and support organis in vision, taste, smell, hearing and equillibrium
73
Q

Who has physiological con cavities

A

Pregnant women (lordosis)
Old people (kyphosis)

74
Q

Origin of selenium cervicis

A

T3-t6

75
Q

insertion of selenium crevices

A

C1-C3

76
Q

Action of selenium crevices

A

unilateral contraction
Lateral flexion and rotation of neck
Bilateral contraction. Extension of neck

77
Q

Which nerve motors facial muscles

A

The facial nerve ( from the 12 cranial nerve )

Clinical Anatomy- Term 1 (15 decks)

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