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psy112- lib > WEEK 6 COMPLETED SET > Flashcards

WEEK 6 COMPLETED SET Flashcards

1
Q

wave frequency measures..

A

pitch

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2
Q

wave amplitude measures..

A

loudness

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3
Q

wave complexity measures..

A

timbre

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4
Q

what is the audible spectrum of sound

A

20-20000 Hz

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5
Q

ear drum

A

membrane that vibrates in response to sound waves

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6
Q

ear cannal

A

conducts sound waves to the ear drum

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7
Q

pinna

A

flexible outer flap of the ear which channels sound waves into the ear cannal

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8
Q

vestibule

A

fluid filled cavity that detects head position

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9
Q

vestibular nerve

A

carries info concerning balance to the brain

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10
Q

cochlear never

A

transmits nerve impulses from ear to the brain

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11
Q

semicircular canal

A

one of three fluid filled structures that play a role in balance

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12
Q

round window

A

soft piece that allows energy to be dissipated

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13
Q

what are the sub compartments of the cochlea

A

oval window, round window, stapes, tympanic cannal, cochlea duct, hair cells, organ of cortisones, basilar membrane

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14
Q

inner hair cells in ear (organ of corti)

A

look like coral moving to specific frequency of sound- translate it to an action potential

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15
Q

what is tonotopic organisation

A

different tones excite different areas of the basilar membrane and primary auditory cortex- as you go along different frequencies are processed

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16
Q

what is the place theory for pitch perception

A

for high pitch sounds, hairs in specific areas of the basilar membrane activate specific regions in the primary auditory cortex 5000-20000Hz

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17
Q

what is the frequency theory for pitch perception

A

for low pitch up to 100Hz, the rate of action potentials signals the frequency of sound waves- possibly due to AP not being able to go as fast as high pitch sounds

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18
Q

what is the volley theory for pitch percpetion

A

combination of action potentials slightly de-syncronised collectivly signal the frequency of sound waves (100-5000Hz)

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19
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

problems in outer/middle ear- amplification of sounds (eg. hearing aid) can be helpful

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20
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

problems in inner ear, auditory nerve and auditory cortex can be more complex- cochlea implants can translate sound waves to nerve impulses

21
Q

causes of hearing loss

A

genetic congenital, disease, noise induced, age, medication/substances

22
Q

how many odors can humans identify

A

2000-4000

23
Q

parts of the olfactory system in the nose

A

olfactory tract, bulb, nerve fibre, receptor cell, and mucus, cilia, and olfactory epithelium

24
Q

olfactory epithelium

A

lining in the nose, sends action potentials into olfactory bulb

25
Q

what are the different taste receptors

A

sweet, salty, sour, bitter and unami and possibly savoury

26
Q

how do we taste (gustation)

A

taste substance molecules dissolve in saliva,

27
Q

olfactory and gustation perception

A

converge on parts of the limic system- orbitofrontal context and amygdala- only system not going via thalamus, straight link

28
Q

mechanorecptors detect

A

pressure

29
Q

thermoreceptors detect

A

tempreture

30
Q

nociceptors detect

A

pain

31
Q

phantom limb illusion

A

pain of amputees can be felt in missing limb, pain can be relieved with mirror box

32
Q

proprioception

A

perception of body position- kinaesthetic sense- stretch and force receptors, located in the joints, muscles and tendons which provide feedback to the brain

33
Q

vestibular system

A

controls balance information, inner ear:semi circular canals, otoliths, info sent to brain stem and cerebellum, to coordinate and adjust eye head and body movemnt

34
Q

what is perceptual constancy

A

tendency to perceive objects as perceptually stable, despite variation in stimulation of sensory receptors- eg. same colour under different lights, size from dif distances and shape dif angle,

35
Q

what are the gestalt principles

A

simplicity, proximity, similarity, continuation, symmetry, figure ground

36
Q

what is the idea of gestalt

A

rules that describe how visual elements are organised into groups or unified whole- whole is bigger than sum of its parts

37
Q

motion perception

A

some cells in retina sensitive to movement, and neurons in visual cortex respond to movement- two ways- eye stationary, object moves on retina, or eye moves to maintain object on same place on retina

38
Q

depth perception

A

the organisation of perception into three dimensions, binocular and monocular cues tell us about this

39
Q

what are binocular cues of depth

A

primary cues: retinal disparity- degree of overlap between retinas in each eye, convergence- eyes converge at small distances

40
Q

monocular cues of depth

A

secondary cues eg. relative size, texture, gradient, height in plane, shading, interposition, motion parallax, linear perspecitve

41
Q

what is synaesthesia

A

different perceptual experiences can be produced by cross modal or overlap in brain areas- eg. hearing colours and tasting shapes

42
Q

subliminal perception

A

processing of sensory information that occurs bellow the levels of conscious awareness

43
Q

affects of subliminal perception

A

can have a brief short term impact on behaviours and attitudes but disappears when aware of influence

44
Q

what is subliminal persuasion

A

fairly unlikely rot produce large scale or enduring attitudes of decisional changes, reverse and self help stuff is ineffective

45
Q

what is extrasensory perception

A

the perception of events outside the known channels of sensation

46
Q

what are the three types of ESP

A

clairvoyance, precognition, telepathy

47
Q

what is telepathy

A

knowledge of what another person is experiencing without the use of recognised sensory channels

48
Q

what is clairevoyance

A

perceptual knowledge of objects or people in the environment

49
Q

what is precognition

A

acquiring knowledge of future events other than by reasoning from current knowledge

psy112- lib (12 decks)

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