WEEK 3 COMPLETED SET Flashcards
sensory neurons
input- send messages from the body to the the brain- located in the dorsal spine
motor neurons
output- send messages from the brain to the body, located in the ventral spine- messages go direct to muscles
interneurons
connect sensory and motor neurons at the spinal level- allowing for reflexive moment
forebrain consists of
cerebral cortex and subcortical structures
brain stem function and consists of
connects brain and spinal cord, regulates bodily functions, midbrain, pons, medulla
function of cerebellum
balance, motor coordination, learning, motor skills
what are cerebral ventricles
cavaties within the brain and spinal cord that contain cerebral spinal fluid which nourishes and protects CNS from trauma
pons
connects cortex to cerebellum
medulla function
respiration, heart rate, sleep wake patterns
midbrain function
movement control, orienting to sensory stimuli
RAS function
reticular activating system- consciousness and arousal
characteristics of the forebrain
largest and most complex region of the brain, grey and white matter, left and right hemispheres connected by corpus callousum
corpus collosum
band of neurons that connect two hems, and allows the two hemispheres to share information- all sensory input apart from olfaction is processed on opposite side of the brain
grey matter is
neurons
white matter is
mylonated axons which connect the brain and spin- increase speed action
what is the limbic system and its functions
interconnected brain regions involved in emotional processing, basic drives, control of the autonomic NS, learning memory and smell
parts of the limbic system
thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocapamus
role of thalamus
recieves/transfers incoming sensory information to the cortex (relay station)
role of the hypothalamus
regulates autonomic nervous system and endocrine system (via the pituitary glad), basic drives (f or f), homostasis
role of the amygdala
learning, recognising and responding to emotion, particularly fear
role of the hippocampus
encoding of new LTM and spatial memories has place cells to help find way round
basal ganglia
control of movement, parkinson’s, tortes and huntington’s disease, initiating actions for rewards and memory (habit forming and procedural learning)
characteristics of the cerebral cortex
outer convoluted layer, 3mm thick, most recent evolutionary addition, controls complex higher order processes
hills
gyri
valleys
sulci
primary areas
receive incoming sensory information (raw data) or send messages to body to initiate movement
associative areas
adds cognitive element, forms perceptions, applies meaning to incoming messages, plans responses
role of prefrontal cortex
executive functioning ie. planning guidance and evaluation of bhevaiour, reasoning, problem solving etc, personality, mood, memory
brocas area
frontal lobe, speech production (mostly left)
motor cortex
frontal lobe, programming and execution of movement
what would happen if you had damage to the frontal lobe
executive function deficits, eg. inability to plan, loss of motivation, social inappropriateness, changed personality no cognitive control
general role of parietal lobes
processing of somatic sensations and perceptions, spatial information for self and others (where), integration of inputs and integration with memories
somatatory cortex
registers tactile sensations from body (temp, pain, pressure)
what would happen if you had damage to the parietal lobe
left right confusion, problems integrating sensory information, visual spatial constructional problems (neglect one side)
general role of temporal lobes
long term storage of autobiographical information and memory, what pathways (object recognition and representations, processing auditory information
primary auditory cortex
receives incoming sound, analyses according to frequency and tone
association auditory cortex
applies meaning to soudn
wernikes area
temporal lobe- language comprehension (typically L hem)
what would happen if you had damage to the temporal lobe
auditory problems, impaired language comprehension, wernickes aphasia, poor memory, auditory and visual recognition problems (agnosia) and prospagnosia
primary visual corex
recieves visual information from eyes via the optic nerve
visual association cortex
organises these simple features into more complex maps of features eg. colour motion and position in space to find an image
what would happen if you had damage to the occipital lobe
cortical blindess, problems with vision, colour, movement perception, reading problems
what is functional lateralisation
function is localised to specific areas of the brain
what is lateralisation of function
function is localised predominantly to one hemisphere *generally not the case
left hemisphere
right side of body, fine tuned language skills, facial expressions etc.
right hemisphere
coarse language skills, visual spatial skills
