WEEK 3 COMPLETED SET

Question 1

sensory neurons

Answer 1

input- send messages from the body to the the brain- located in the dorsal spine

Question 2

motor neurons

Answer 2

output- send messages from the brain to the body, located in the ventral spine- messages go direct to muscles

Question 3

interneurons

Answer 3

connect sensory and motor neurons at the spinal level- allowing for reflexive moment

Question 4

forebrain consists of

Answer 4

cerebral cortex and subcortical structures

Question 5

brain stem function and consists of

Answer 5

connects brain and spinal cord, regulates bodily functions, midbrain, pons, medulla

Question 6

function of cerebellum

Answer 6

balance, motor coordination, learning, motor skills

Question 7

what are cerebral ventricles

Answer 7

cavaties within the brain and spinal cord that contain cerebral spinal fluid which nourishes and protects CNS from trauma

Question 8

pons

Answer 8

connects cortex to cerebellum

Question 9

medulla function

Answer 9

respiration, heart rate, sleep wake patterns

Question 10

midbrain function

Answer 10

movement control, orienting to sensory stimuli

Question 11

RAS function

Answer 11

reticular activating system- consciousness and arousal

Question 12

characteristics of the forebrain

Answer 12

largest and most complex region of the brain, grey and white matter, left and right hemispheres connected by corpus callousum

Question 13

corpus collosum

Answer 13

band of neurons that connect two hems, and allows the two hemispheres to share information- all sensory input apart from olfaction is processed on opposite side of the brain

Question 14

grey matter is

Answer 14

neurons

Question 15

white matter is

Answer 15

mylonated axons which connect the brain and spin- increase speed action

Question 16

what is the limbic system and its functions

Answer 16

interconnected brain regions involved in emotional processing, basic drives, control of the autonomic NS, learning memory and smell

Question 17

parts of the limbic system

Answer 17

thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocapamus

Question 18

role of thalamus

Answer 18

recieves/transfers incoming sensory information to the cortex (relay station)

Question 19

role of the hypothalamus

Answer 19

regulates autonomic nervous system and endocrine system (via the pituitary glad), basic drives (f or f), homostasis

Question 20

role of the amygdala

Answer 20

learning, recognising and responding to emotion, particularly fear

Question 21

role of the hippocampus

Answer 21

encoding of new LTM and spatial memories has place cells to help find way round

Question 22

basal ganglia

Answer 22

control of movement, parkinson’s, tortes and huntington’s disease, initiating actions for rewards and memory (habit forming and procedural learning)

Question 23

characteristics of the cerebral cortex

Answer 23

outer convoluted layer, 3mm thick, most recent evolutionary addition, controls complex higher order processes

Question 24

hills

Answer 24

gyri

Question 25

valleys

Answer 25

sulci

Question 26

primary areas

Answer 26

receive incoming sensory information (raw data) or send messages to body to initiate movement

Question 27

associative areas

Answer 27

adds cognitive element, forms perceptions, applies meaning to incoming messages, plans responses

Question 28

role of prefrontal cortex

Answer 28

executive functioning ie. planning guidance and evaluation of bhevaiour, reasoning, problem solving etc, personality, mood, memory

Question 29

brocas area

Answer 29

frontal lobe, speech production (mostly left)

Question 30

motor cortex

Answer 30

frontal lobe, programming and execution of movement

Question 31

what would happen if you had damage to the frontal lobe

Answer 31

executive function deficits, eg. inability to plan, loss of motivation, social inappropriateness, changed personality no cognitive control

Question 32

general role of parietal lobes

Answer 32

processing of somatic sensations and perceptions, spatial information for self and others (where), integration of inputs and integration with memories

Question 33

somatatory cortex

Answer 33

registers tactile sensations from body (temp, pain, pressure)

Question 34

what would happen if you had damage to the parietal lobe

Answer 34

left right confusion, problems integrating sensory information, visual spatial constructional problems (neglect one side)

Question 35

general role of temporal lobes

Answer 35

long term storage of autobiographical information and memory, what pathways (object recognition and representations, processing auditory information

Question 36

primary auditory cortex

Answer 36

receives incoming sound, analyses according to frequency and tone

Question 37

association auditory cortex

Answer 37

applies meaning to soudn

Question 38

wernikes area

Answer 38

temporal lobe- language comprehension (typically L hem)

Question 39

what would happen if you had damage to the temporal lobe

Answer 39

auditory problems, impaired language comprehension, wernickes aphasia, poor memory, auditory and visual recognition problems (agnosia) and prospagnosia

Question 40

primary visual corex

Answer 40

recieves visual information from eyes via the optic nerve

Question 41

visual association cortex

Answer 41

organises these simple features into more complex maps of features eg. colour motion and position in space to find an image

Question 42

what would happen if you had damage to the occipital lobe

Answer 42

cortical blindess, problems with vision, colour, movement perception, reading problems

Question 43

what is functional lateralisation

Answer 43

function is localised to specific areas of the brain

Question 44

what is lateralisation of function

Answer 44

function is localised predominantly to one hemisphere *generally not the case

Question 45

left hemisphere

Answer 45

right side of body, fine tuned language skills, facial expressions etc.

Question 46

right hemisphere

Answer 46

coarse language skills, visual spatial skills