WEEK 5 COMPLETED SET

Question 1

what is sensation

Answer 1

the process by which the sense organs gather information about the enviroment

Question 2

what is perception

Answer 2

the process by which sensory information is selected organised and interpreted

Question 3

what is transduction

Answer 3

the transformation of energy into nerve impulses a form our body can sense - coded in terms of intensity and quality

Question 4

what are psychophysics

Answer 4

the study of how we perceive sensory stimuli based on their physical charcateristics

Question 5

absolute threshold

Answer 5

the lowest level of a stimulus that we can detect 50% of the time

Question 6

just noticeable difference

Answer 6

smallest change in a stimulus intensity that we can detect-

Question 7

what doesjust noticeable difference depend on

Answer 7

intensity of new stimulation and level of stimulation already present

Question 8

what is webers law

Answer 8

regardless of the magnitude of two stimulus. the second must differ from the first by a constant proportion for it to be perceived as different

Question 9

what is the average weber fraction for weight

Answer 9

1/50

Question 10

what is signal detection theory

Answer 10

sensation occurs when we judge whether a stimulus is present or not

Question 11

what two processes contribute to signal detection theory

Answer 11

1. initial sensory processes- sensitivity to the stimulus (signal to noise ratio)
2. decision process- the individuals readiness to report detecting a stimulus when uncertin

Question 12

what is attention

Answer 12

mental phenomena of concentration and its shifts in focus influenced by internal and external events and limited capacity

Question 13

what is selective attention

Answer 13

allows us to select some inputs for further processing and ignore others- RAS and basal ganglia

Question 14

broad bents theory of attention

Answer 14

bottleneck, early filtering mechanism, limited capacity channel (some you choose) where you resond or remember

Question 15

cocktail party effect

Answer 15

suggests some information gets through the filter - even when we selectively attend to a conversation some information gets through- we are subconsciously monitoring conversations around us

Question 16

errors of attention

Answer 16

change and inattentional blindess

Question 17

what is divided attention

Answer 17

performing multiple tasks simultaneously, attention has a limited capacity, we think we can attend to many things but cant- ability is just speed at quick we can switch attention

Question 18

what is the visable spectrum of light

Answer 18

400-700nanometers

Question 19

characteristics of vision

Answer 19

image is inverted on the retina, which turns it into an AP,

Question 20

cornea

Answer 20

direction and focusing, clear part of eye, curved dome which bends light

Question 21

sclera

Answer 21

white part of your eye, refocuses light

Question 22

choroid

Answer 22

muscle area attached to lens

Question 23

retina

Answer 23

holds light sensitive cells, innermost layer of the eye where light is converted to nerve impulses

Question 24

macula

Answer 24

contains fovea

Question 25

fovea

Answer 25

part of the retina where light is focused most sharply, most concentration of cones

Question 26

pupil

Answer 26

opening that lets light in

Question 27

optic nerve

Answer 27

transmits impulses from the retina to the rest of the brain

Question 28

eye muscle

Answer 28

one of 6 muscles that rotate the eye

Question 29

lens

Answer 29

transparent disk that focuses light rays for near or distant vision

Question 30

iris

Answer 30

coloured part which controls pupil

Question 31

blindspot

Answer 31

point of no cells where info enters the brain

Question 32

myopia

Answer 32

nearsightedness. focus point is before the retina

Question 33

hyperopia

Answer 33

farsightedness. focal point is after/beyond the retina

Question 34

rods

Answer 34

low light, monochromatic, peripheral vision, use rhodopsin which light bleaches causing fatigue

Question 35

cones

Answer 35

bright light, colour, central vision and fine detail

Question 36

gaglion cells

Answer 36

many rods connect to one | one cone connected to many ganglion

Question 37

what is an optic chaism

Answer 37

where the two sides of vision cross over

Question 38

path of vision

Answer 38

left side from left eye stays on same side but left side from right eye crosses over- visa versa

Question 39

simple cells

Answer 39

in visual cortex- respond to light of a specific orientation at a particular location- respond to certian edges at certain degrees

Question 40

complex cells

Answer 40

specific orientation but less dependant on location

Question 41

feature detector cells

Answer 41

lines and edges (simple and complex cells), length of lines, shapes, movement colour etc

Question 42

which visual cortex is movement in

Answer 42

V5

Question 43

which visual cortex is colour in

Answer 43

V4

Question 44

trichromatic theory of colour vision

Answer 44

colour vision is based on sensitivity to three primary colours, consistent with the three types of cones in your eyes, explains colour blindness (red, green, blue)

Question 45

opponent process theory of colour vision

Answer 45

colour vision as a function of complementary opposing colours red vs green blue vs yellow black vs white

Question 46

what are the three types of colour blindness

Answer 46

mono, di, and trichromacy

Question 47

what is the most common cause of colour blindness

Answer 47

genetics, more common in males, faulty cone development

Question 48

what is cateract

Answer 48

blurry vision, lens issue

Question 49

what is glucoma

Answer 49

fluid pressure damages rods, peripheral vision loss

Question 50

what is macular degeneration

Answer 50

less treatable due to age, central vision loss, causes blurred vision

Question 51

what is diabetic retinopathy

Answer 51

increasingly patchy loss of vision, due to diabetes

Question 52

what is childhood blindness

Answer 52

due to genetics

Question 53

what is motion blindess

Answer 53

inability to perceive motion or stitch together incoming images

Question 54

what is visual agnosia

Answer 54

inability to recognise objects despite normal ability to describe shape and colour

Question 55

what are cortical blindness and blindsight

Answer 55

cortically blind people asked to idenitfy shapes and locations but some people claim they cant see so cant however can perform tasks at more than chances levels and are better than other blind types

Question 56

what is the cause for blindsight

Answer 56

enough information is processed to have some sort of insight vision or collicular pathway can allow some visom