Week 6 Flashcards
Who’s data do not support the contention that, when measured in normal populations, these three constructs making up the dark triad are equivalen
Delroy L. Paulhus * and Kevin M. Williams
Of the offensive yet non-pathological personalities in the literature, which three are es-pecially prominent? And what are they collectively called?
Machiavellianism, subclinical narcissism, and subclinical psy-chopathy.
The Dark Triad.
Which dark triad components fall in the circumplex quadrant labeled ‘‘unmitigated agency’’
Openness and extraversion in narcissism and psychopathy.
What was the only one commonality across the triad?
Low agreeableness
Subclinical psychopaths were
distinguished by low___________; Machiavellians, and psychopaths were low in ______________; narcissism showed small positive associations with cognitive ability. Narcissists and, to a lesser extent, psychopaths exhibited self-enhancement on two objectively scored indexes. We con-clude that the Dark Triad of personalities, as currently measured, are _________?
neuroticism,
conscientiousness
overlapping but distinct constructs.
Is power motivation adaptive?
Probably
What did David Winter do?
Look at Barack Obama, introvert, ans successful? But he does not schmooze with republicans.
Power morivatiom too.
Why ppl take up golf?
To influence people. Except Obama
What traits motives do Olympic skater have?
Ex. Kaetlyn Osmond?
Koestner thinks high extrovert
Conscientious, moderate maybe not as much as others
Not high on (low) affiliation, cuz she wants to beat her sister.
High power, impact influence, west Edmonton mall,
N? aside; snowboarders low on this
Female, high ses, moderate Conscienciousness power will be socially acceptable
What Controversy surrounding Osmond?
Connected to notion of?
Took the music from a prosititue musical, used revealing move from Miley Cyrus.
Outraged viewers, too provocative.
She disagrees, suited her researched, mature. Even though she is 17.
She wants to show she is not a kid.
Editorials support her though following the article.
This is edgy, showing need for power.
Motive tell you______why
Traits tell you____how
McAdams
Why how
Is there a rela between motives and traits?
No, no relationship, they are seperate.
One about strive, the why,
The other how you behave get things done.
What is the channeling hypothesis.
Whether intro or extra, will determine how power motive is displayed across your life.
Occupational preferences based on motives
Ach. Business’s, sales, research.
Int. Counseling, mediator
Pow. Manager, clergy, teacher, therapist journalist.influence other with preconceived plan. Guide others.
Which professions not associated with power
Lawyer and doctor
School performance related to?
Power more
Ach. Optimal challenging, personally responsible, constant feedback. School no have.
Radcliffe Women Longitudinal study shows?
Unique follow impact motives over large lifespan.
But not necessarily generalizable due to sample rich ppl.
Results
High pow, pursue high impact careers, manager, etc.
If introvert this may be a problem, desire of impact, avoidance of the career, deflected from natural pursuit if introvert with high power motive. Resulting in pursuing another career.
Low power motivation: extro intro does not matter.
Affiliation: tied to volunteer work.
Simultaneous motive an trait, the interaction is significant.
Power. intro extro interaction
Only if extrovert, do you follow course to impact and influence.
Aff. Intro extro, interaction
Only extroverts, leads to greater volunteering.
Introverted, leads to conflict and u do not pursue goal,. Creates difficulties in achieving goals.
Correlates of power?
High power
Positive: volunteer, community contribution, leaders, prestige like Nobel prize
Negative
Aggression, exploitative, prophligate, sex, drinking, divorce.
Moms volunteer campaign story
Crossing light,
Campaigned, speed bumps,
Next year: Internet
Science teacher
Moderators of -be or +ve impact of power?
What big 5 trait do they all relate to?
Gender,
-women only have positive, men only negative. Difference in responsibility training, caring nurturing taught to females, males left to more freedom. So men who have responsibility training, socializes power motive and channels it to positive
Social Class
-Affect brain dev. Self control
Higher better off
Activity inhibition
-look for word not, inhibitory words, relates to self control
Conscienciousness channels expression of power motivation.
Obama has had polarizing influence.
Radical, elicited powerful response.
Winter coded the speech showing images of?
Highest in power, then achievement, then affiliation.
Inaugural addresses compared?
Obama?
T score, Obama was at the means, for ach. And aff. but extremely high in power. 2 sd away.
The characteristics of the best leaders?
High power, low aff,
High activity inhibition
CALLED LEADERSHIP MOTIVE PROFILE
Used AT&T and army rank
Micheal Scott worst boss?
High power, low affiliation
High aff. Worried about others. Gets in way of managing.
Koestner thinks we should be? Regarding power
We should be more aware of it.
Power can contribute so much. Extroversion channels this motives.
Predicting presidential outcomes?
Power motivated ones are judged to be grreat, but more likely to start a war.
High achievement as president creates problems as they do not like delegating. Focus on small details, ineffective.
Questions? Charlie Brown and valentines day.
Shyness, ppl.
Shyness, vs social anxiety
Change across development
Benefits of shy or introverted
Overcome shyness
Koestner interested in shyness
Because of daughter, sees she is shy.
12. Kids change. Koestner kind of shy too.
His daughter hasn’t changed much.
Pre school she did not fit in too well in preschool. Girl queen of class. Left Sophie out. Three girls kept out became friends.
Kindergarten, friends with boy Jayden, 1 and 2 grade difficult, ask to play at RECESS, girls dyadic, always got no. In grade three and four, she just wiggled in, did not ask, but then relapse.
Koestner shyness personally. Quiet shows, parents can send wrong messages, embarrassed by parents. Issue Koestner talk too much.
Koestner was gregarious with daughter, modeling this behaviour, and backfiring. Feeling uncomfortable maybe overstimulated too I wonder.
Charlie and the little red haired girl.Neurotic, shy.
Watched video,
Misses bus and girl,
Koestner would say that what Charlie did was. Success, planned ,executed. Just fell asleep
Recenterspectives on shyness
Cover story on time magazine
News week.
Cites quiet by Susan Cain who sakes, “when trying to figure out who we are and how AFTER gender is then introversion or extroversion!”
Introversion vs shyness
Measures, subgroup
Broad dispositions.
Difference, shy ppl, are more anxious and fear social judgment,
Introvert just less interest in social, by shyness adds anxiety. Shyness a subgroup of introverts.
Koestner took the scale as 18 and now, and he is now much less shy.
Showed us both scales.
Part of introvert is eing more deliberate. Less stim.
Shyness almost all about interpersonal (intro only half)
Shyness about inhibition and anxiety. 30% introverted and 40p of them are shy.
Though possible for extroverts, unlikely.
Final distinction social anxiety actual clinical disorder, anxious depressed ppl. Extreme anxiety and avoidance. 5p catagorized as social phobia.
Making telephone call, eating in public place, acting performing, nightmarish activities unable to do by social probes. Engage in a lot of safety behaviours limits life.
Cite slide of that guy
Introverts, sub cat, shy, subcT, social anxiety disorder.
Shy get married just as much as others, social anxiety lot less,
90p of ppl get married.
Sheldon is an introvert, but not shy.
Raj, diagnosed social phobic, medication,
Leonard: Koestner identifies with leoandard, as he is shy and trying to get over it.
Howard is really neurotic, anxious about everything and is an extrovert.
Penny is an extrovert
Some think shy is introvert with neuroticism, Koestner not so sure I think.
Unfairly negativity of shyness
Shy ppl, get message that it is not right and should change.
Developmental research shows, shy predisposition kids are able to hide that.
Bryan little clip
Note on articel: Interested in ideas, we can stretch our behaviour in a given personality trait.
Bryan little personlity Ssesment of him: high self monitor, most introverted man ever. Presents in charismatic way. Prepares well.
Why does he focus on extraversion: speaking to a group of managers, pitching this for extroverts, advantage of introverts,
Koestner not sure who is right, introverts adapt more easily do better at school facilitate skill improvement.
Extrovert, more engagement, learning leads to whoops.
Introverts need form, primer, anticipating, structure. Don’t learn as effectively without it.
Kindergarten, marked on engagement,
Extrovert grade 10 bottom out. Bored.
Correlates intro
Talk less,
Less eye contact, solitary pursuits, secluded study
Close small number of friends.
Gerard leaders in knowledge oriented companies
Positive
Listen more,
Solitary work excel,
SusN Cain chapter, introverted, think about social skills training.
Learn to smile and, look ppl in eyes and stand up straight,
As a group we are probably introvert, solitary pursuits as students.
Jerome Kagan inhivitt shy child video
High and low reactive
Differences in temperament. Monkey families,
Mothers behaviour makes a big difference of how it will grow up
Genetic predispose, but environement, prevails.
Extremes are always a problem, most children fall in between.
20p unrearice and 20p high reactive
Tracked kids, behaviorally, other indicators
PsychophysiologicL reactive.
High reactive. Heart rate cortisol, physiological highly reactive. Fmri, show lambic system over aroused. With novel faces.
Follow up studies, most kids move out of shy reactive category.
At two years only 15% down from 20
By 14.5 only 10 would be indentifiable,
25-30 only 5-6 can you see they are shy are anxious.
Almost 3/4 seem to overcome predisposition behaviourally
But
Even though overcome shy behaviour, if you measure MRI, psychophysical, they are still reacting, neurobiology does not change, they just learn to respond differently to the message, no longer I should be afraid and inhibit.
Note all bp above with American samples, extroverted ideal in us remember,
Looked in Japan, and you do not see that many change, at age 25. 15/20 will still be shy reactive. Japan more accepting idealizing of restrained introverted behaviour.
Suggests malleability, social environmental factors have impact.
Examples from Goleman,
Quiet book, and Kagan suggest gentle nudging, structure things to have experiences, overcome anxiety.
SOME OF US LEARN TO NUDGE OURSELV.
3x. Six yr old and daughter. Play act with grand father. Play act as not shy. Supportive environment, not too harsh, many can succeed.
Sensitive encouragement is key.
Evidence shows vast mJority shy reactive no long like than when adults.
Some might though, so what do you do?
Valentines example.
Koestner did not date til 20, til 24 met someone who really liked me. Very how it happened. Overcome shyness,
Friday the 13, history meeting, boys and girls,
McDonald’s dinner. Threw out Big Mac, went back over to the party. Girl noticed earlier.
Girl in packs.
Both belonged to Newman centre, Catholic Church, been to Boston. Talked for a while.
Let’s do so,etching tomorrow. Idea going on date next day. But not sure what to talk about.
Have a plan. Met someone get young relationships.
Bryan little answer
It is possible to stretch behaviour. Free trait theory.
We can act out of character in service orf core personal goal.
Bryan little was at mcgiil, had ppl write journals, only lasted one year. Example little sociL value and speaking connecting with values and talents. Using free traits.
Three types of identity little
Bio genic, inborn
Socio genic expected by family culture and religion, social pressure feel to be extroverted. Bryan keys on…
Ideogrnic, personal desires, changes over life, particulary ion early twenties meeting others,
We can push ourselves to behave differently,
Koestner aside probably easier if good nudging in past.
Theory not only about intro Extro.
Ex. High agreeable, may have to be quarrelsome for a cause.
What would Monterey have done in college
He lt like he needed to put himself out ther in 1984, nowadays possible to avoid that through computers. Fb interaction
Research who more likely develop rela online, it is shy ppl.
SigitcL communication allow avoid, or is it an empowering medium, not being judged.
Guess was wrong by Koestner, that it is avoidant., aren’t
Computer mediated interaction has advantages, particulary helpful sore shy and socially anxious. Won’t look them in the eye
necessary sending physical cues that ppl do not like.
Meet online keep online, but ppl pretty quickly take rela offline.
More self dicclosure and intimacy through online, ppl discover their true self. Shy ppl might use more. Hmm, should see how shy I am,
Big Bang theory
Shows we need to put ourselves out there.
That is wat Koestner thinks.
